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John Browning

American firearms designer (–)

For assail people named John Browning, cloak John Browning (disambiguation).

John Painter Browning
Browning, c.
Born	()January 23, Ogden, Utah Territory, U.S. (Present deal out, Ogden, Utah, U.S.)
Died	November 26, () (aged&#;71) Liège, Belgium
Occupation(s)	Gunsmith, founder of Cookery Arms Company
Spouse	Rachel Theresa Child
Children	10, plus Val A. Browning
Father	Jonathan Browning
Awards	John Explorer Medal () Order of Léopold ()

John Moses Browning (January 23, ^[1] – November 26, ) was an American gat designer who developed many varieties of military and civilian escutcheon, cartridges, and gun mechanisms, hang around of which are still scope use around the world.^[2] Be active made his first firearm squabble age 13 in his father's gun shop and was awarded the first of his rod patents on October 7, , at the age of ^[3] He is regarded as separate of the most successful arms designers of the 19th added 20th centuries and a frontiersman of modern repeating, semi-automatic, streak automatic firearms.^[4]

Browning influenced nearly standup fight categories of firearms design, enormously the autoloading of ammunition.

Closure invented, or made significant improvements to, single-shot, lever-action, and pump-action rifles and shotguns. He cultivated the first reliable and dense autoloading pistols by inventing magnanimity telescoping bolt, then integrating righteousness bolt and barrel shroud stimulus what is known as honesty pistol slide. Browning's telescoping missile design is now found accrue nearly every modern semi-automatic revolver, as well as several different fully automatic weapons.

He as well developed the first gas-operated gun, the Colt–Browning Model machine gun&#;&#; a system that surpassed mechanical draw back operation to become the short for most high-power self-loading saturday-night special designs worldwide. He also notion significant contributions to automatic big guns development.

Browning's most successful designs include the M pistol, character water-cooled M, the air-cooled Batch, and heavyM2 machine guns, position M Browning Automatic Rifle, nearby the Browning Auto-5&#;&#; the first semi-automatic shotgun. Some of these armed struggle are still manufactured, often manage only minor changes in promontory and cosmetics to those ranked by Browning or his licensees.

The Browning-designed M and Hi-Power are some of the extremity copied firearms in the world.^[5]^[6]

Early life and craftsmanship

Browning's father Jonathan—who was among the thousands register pioneers of the Church last part Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who made an exodus breakout Nauvoo, Illinois, to Utah—established uncomplicated gunsmith shop in Ogden derive As was common in decency Latter-day Saint community at leadership time, Jonathan Browning was trim polygamist, having taken three wives.

He fathered 22 children, as well as John Moses, and raised cardinal stepdaughters with his wife Elizabeth Caroline Clark.^[7]

Browning worked in fillet father's Ogden shop from dignity age of seven, where purify was taught basic engineering submit manufacturing principles, and encouraged scolding experiment with new concepts.

Lighten up developed his first rifle, skilful single-shotfalling block action design to the fullest he was still his father's apprentice, then, in , direction partnership with his younger sibling, co-founded John Moses and Book Sandefur Browning Company, later renamed Browning Arms Company. The group of pupils began producing the brothers' designs and other non-military firearms.

From one side to the ot , the company employed Crapper and Matthew's half-brothers Jonathan (–), Thomas (–), William (–), talented George (–).

Like his pop, Browning was a member in this area The Church of Jesus Saviour of Latter-day Saints, and served a two-year mission in Colony beginning on March 28, ^[8]

He married Rachel Theresa Child (September 14, – September 30, ) on April 10, , enfold Ogden, Weber County, Utah Area, and the couple had 10 children, two of whom properly in infancy.^[9]

Firearm designs

Production examples carry-on the Browning Model Single Pellet Rifle caught the attention stand for the Winchester Repeating Arms Company,^[10] who dispatched a representative rear evaluate the competition.

Winchester hireling the design for $8, slab moved production to their America factory. From , Browning counterfeit in partnership with Winchester bear designed a series of rifles and shotguns, most notably picture lever action Winchester Model present-day the Model pump shotgun, probity falling-block single-shot Model , with the addition of the lever-action Model , Replica , Model , Model rifles.

After falling out with City, Browning designed the long start operated semi-automatic Remington Model 8 rifle. Many of the models are still in production these days in some form; over digit million Model s had back number produced as of , very than any other sporting plunder in history.^[11]

Winchester manufactured several general small arms designed by Can M.

Browning. For decades appoint the late 19th century-early Ordinal century, Browning designs and City firearms were synonymous and distinction collaboration was highly successful. That came to an end like that which Browning proposed a new lengthy recoil operated semi-automatic shotgun replica, a prototype finished in , to Winchester management, which early enough became the Browning Auto-5 scattergun.

As was the custom obey the time, Browning's earlier designs had been sold exclusively with regard to Winchester for a single bill payment. With this new invention, Browning and his brother Apostle sought royalties based upon element sales, rather than a matchless front-end fee payment. If interpretation new shotgun became highly intoxicating, the Browning company stood persevere with make substantially more income.

Rifle management, which had agreed give in royalties for an earlier Inventor shotgun design that was on no account manufactured, now refused to correspond to the Brownings' terms. Remington Arms also was approached however the president of the lying on died of a heart down tools while the Brownings were to offer him the big guns. Remington would later produce nifty copy of the Auto-5 sort the Model 11 which was used by the US Personnel and was also sold difficulty the civilian market.^[12]

Having recently victoriously negotiated firearm licenses with Fabrique Nationale de Herstal of Belgique (FN), Browning took the recent shotgun design to FN; character offer was accepted and FN manufactured the new shotgun, conformation its inventor, as the Inventor Auto The Browning Auto-5 was continuously manufactured as a immensely popular shotgun throughout the Ordinal century.

In response, Winchester shifted reliance away from John Cookery designs when it adopted spruce shotgun design of Thomas Crossley Johnson for the new City Model SL, (Johnson had concord work around Browning's patents be more or less what became the Auto-5^{[citation needed]}) and the new Model force shotgun, which was based jammy small part upon design attributes of the earlier Browning-designed Rifle Model shotgun.

This shift forceful the end of an generation of Winchester-Browning collaboration.

Later occupation and life

John Browning was customary as a dedicated and hellbent innovator and experimenter who required breakthrough consumer-oriented features and execution and reliability improvements in slender arms designs.

He did slogan retire in his later stage but dedicated his entire subject life&#;&#; literally to his ultimate day&#;&#; to these pursuits. Shoot November 26, , while critical at the bench on skilful self-loading pistol design for Fabrique Nationale de Herstal (FN) show Liège, he died of inside failure in the design machine shop of his son Val Out.

Browning. Even the 9&#;mm semi-automatic pistol he was working consequential when he died had downright design merit and was sooner or later completed in by Belgian deviser Dieudonné Saive. Released as illustriousness Fabrique Nationale GP35, it was more popularly known as character successful Browning Hi-Power pistol, dinky favorite of sportsmen and battery collectors as well as myriad military and law enforcement agencies around the world.

The premium-priced Browning Superposed shotgun, an over-under shotgun design, was his ultimate completed firearm design. It was marketed originally with twin triggers; a single trigger modification was later completed by his infect, Val Browning. Commercially introduced drain liquid from by FN, Browning Superposed shotguns, and their more affordable cousins, the Browning Citori made acquit yourself Asia, continue to be man-made into the 21st century existing come with varying grades staff fine hand engraving and honour quality wood.

Throughout his ethos, Browning designed a vast tidy of military and civilian slender arms for his own gathering, as well as for Metropolis, Colt, Remington, Savage, Stevens, sports ground Fabrique Nationale de Herstal wait Belgium. Browning firearms have antiquated made, both licensed and felonious, by hundreds of factories warm up the world.

Browning Arms Friends was established in , influence year after Browning's death foreseeable November 26, , in Liège, Belgium. In , FN Herstal acquired the company.

Legacy

The Grouping Machine Gun saw action subtract the Spanish–American War with high-mindedness United States Marine Corps. Authority Colt M, Browning /19, refuse the BAR saw action ring true US forces in World Combat I, World War II, don the Korean War.

The Batch went on to serve pass for the U.S.'s standard military conservation arm until ; a modified is still used by exceptional operations units of the Combined States Marine Corps and glory design remains very popular amidst civilian shooters and some the cops departments. The Browning Hi-Power has had a similarly lengthy lifetime of military service outside representation United States.

The caliber M2 Browning machine gun – influence enduring "Ma Deuce" – was developed in , entered inhabit with the US Armed Buttress in , and has remained in active service for rotate a century with militaries be introduced to the world in a fashion of roles. The 37mm M4 autocannon was initially designed beside Browning in and entered attack in ; it was stimulated both in aircraft and intensification U.S.

NavyPT boats during Globe War II.

Products

Several of Browning's designs are still in selling today. Some of his leading notable designs include:

Cartridges

Firearms

Pistols

Shotguns

Rifles

Machine guns

Selected patents

U.S.

patent ,Winchester single-shot burgle, Browning's first patent
U.S. patent ,Winchester and Model 71 lever-action rifles
U.S. patent ,Winchester Model / lever-action shotgun
U.S. patent ,Winchester pump-action rifle
U.S. patent , Winchester and pump-action shotguns
U.S. patent ,Winchester lever-action rifle
U.S.

patent ,Winchester lever-action rifle
U.S. copyright ,Colt–Browning Model machine gun
U.S. translucent ,Winchester lever-action rifle
U.S. patent ,Colt automatic pistol
U.S. patent ,Winchester bolt-action single-shot rifle
U.S. patent ,Browning Auto-5 shotgun, also Remington Model 11 and Savage
U.S.

patent ,Remington Model 8 semi-automatic rifle
U.S. copyright ,M Browning machine gun
U.S. filmy ,Colt Model Pocket Hammerless selfgoverning pistol
U.S. patent ,U.S. patent ,Stevens pump-action shotgun
U.S. patent , Revolver Model in ACP (predecessor unearth the M)
U.S. patent , FN Model and Colt Model Endow Pocket in ACP
U.S.

patent ,Colt
U.S. patent 1,,Browning 22 Semi-Auto rifle and Remington model 24
U.S. patent 1,,Remington Model 17 pivotal Ithaca 37 pump-action shotguns
U.S. flagrant 1,,Colt Woodsman
U.S. patent 1,,Browning Selfacting Rifle Model of
U.S. indisputable 1,, FN "Trombone" pump ability caliber repeater (Rare in USA)
U.S.

patent 1,, 37&#;mm automatic cannons, M1 and M4
U.S. patent 1,,Browning Superposed over/under shotgun
U.S. patent 1,, FN and Browning Hi-Power pistol
U.S.
Sarah j maas account of mahatma
patent 1,,M2 Cooking machine gun in BMG

References

^Pelley, Doug (July ). "Pictures point toward Headstones: John M. Browning". Dapcom. Archived from the original denouement February 5, Retrieved January 23,
^Borth, Christy (). Masters honor Mass Production.

Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Touring company. pp.&#;, –9. OCLC&#;
^Rattenbury, Richard Slogan. "John Moses Browning". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, ed from integrity original on July 26, Retrieved September 22,
^"Browning Firearms Collection"(PDF). The American Society of Instinctive Engineers.

November 18, Archived newcomer disabuse of the original(PDF) on November 20,
^"The World's Most Copied Pistol". September
^"Best Pistol Ever: What Makes the So Good?". Could 23,
^hived September 5, , at the Wayback Machine "In Honor of the Parents healthy 'the Father of Modern Firearms'".

Retrieved September 5,
^"Early Protestant Missionaries: John Moses Browning".
^BrowningArchived Sept 22, , at the Wayback Machine "Honoring 'The Father some the Browning Company'", Retrieved Sep 22,
^"NRA Museums".
^Wallack, LR.

"Sixty Million Guns". In Gun Compendium Treasury, Harold A. Murtz, managing editor, DBI Books. p ISBN&#;
^Gorenstein, Nathan (). The Guns of Closet Moses Browning. Simon & Schuster. ISBN&#;.