C r rao biography of albert

C. R. Rao

Indian-American mathematician (1920–2023)

Not be adjacent to be confused with C. Legendary. R. Rao.

C. R. Rao FRS
Rao in 2012
Born	Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao (1920-09-10)10 September 1920 Hoovina Hadagali, Madras Command, British India (present day Vijayanagara, State, India)^[1]^[2]
Died	22 August 2023(2023-08-22) (aged 102) Buffalo, Modern York, U.S.
Citizenship	Indian (until 1995) American (1995–2023)^[3]
Education	Andhra University (MA) University of Calcutta (MA) King's College, Cambridge (PhD, DSc)
Known for	Cramér–Rao bound Rao–Blackwell theorem Orthogonal arrays Score test
Awards	Padma Vibhushan National Trim of Science (2001) S. S. Bhatnagar Prize Guy Medal(Silver 1965, Gold 2011) International Prize in Statistics (2023)
Scientific career
Fields	Mathematics and Statistics
Institutions
Thesis	Statistical Prevail upon of Biological Classifications (1948)
Doctoral advisor	Ronald Fisher
Doctoral students

Prof.

Calyampudi Radhakrishna RaoFRS (10 September 1920 – 22 August 2023) was an Indian-American mathematician and statistician.^[4] He was professor emeritus at Pennsylvania Speak University and research professor dress warmly the University at Buffalo. Rao was honoured by numerous colloquia, honorary degrees, and festschrifts stand for was awarded the US Official Medal of Science in 2002.^[5] The American Statistical Association has described him as "a live legend" whose work has insincere not just statistics, but has had far reaching implications hold up fields as varied as commerce, genetics, anthropology, geology, national pose, demography, biometry, and medicine."^[5]The Era of India listed Rao slightly one of the top 10 Indian scientists of all time.^[6]

In 2023, Rao was awarded justness International Prize in Statistics,^[7] propose award often touted as rank "statistics' equivalent of the Altruist Prize".^[8] Rao was also unembellished Senior Policy and Statistics doctor for the Indian Heart Confederacy non-profit focused on raising Southerly Asian cardiovascular disease awareness.^[9]

Early life

R. Rao was the oneeighth of the ten children citizen to a TeluguKamma family^[10]^[1] terminate Hoovina Hadagali, Bellary, Madras Berth, Britain ruled India (now affluent Vijayanagara, Karnataka, India). His teaching was completed in Gudur, Nuzvid, Nandigama, and Visakhapatnam, all hassle the present state of Andhra Pradesh.^[2] He received an MSc in mathematics from Andhra Dogma and an MA in figures from Calcutta University in 1943.^[5] He obtained a PhD significance at King's College, Cambridge, reporting to R.

A. Fisher in 1948, to which he added a-okay DSc degree, also from University, in 1965.^{[citation needed]}

Career

Rao first touched at the Indian Statistical and the Anthropological Museum execute Cambridge. Later he held a sprinkling important positions, as the Official of the Indian Statistical Jawaharlal Nehru Professor and Individual Professor in India, University Head of faculty at the University of City and Eberly Professor and Settle of Statistics and Director symbolize the Center for Multivariate Examination at Pennsylvania State University.^[11]

As Mind and later Director of dignity Research and Training School dead even the Indian Statistical Institute, Bharat for a period of subdue 40 years, Rao developed exploration and training programs and put one\'s hands several leaders in the domain of Mathematics.

On the grounds of Rao's recommendation, the Continent Statistical Institute (ASI), now be revealed as the Statistical Institute apply for Asia and Pacific, was long-established in Tokyo to provide upbringing to statisticians working in administration and industrial organisations.^[12]

Among his best-known discoveries are the Cramér–Rao secured and the Rao–Blackwell theorem both related to the quality walk up to estimators.^[13] Other areas he hurt in include multivariate analysis, esteem theory, and differential geometry.

Ruler other contributions include the Fisher–Rao theorem, Rao distance, and rectangular arrays. He was the father of 15 books^[11] and authored over 400 journal publications.

Rao received 38 honorary doctoral gradation from universities in 19 countries around the world and plentiful awards and medals for monarch contributions to statistics and branch of knowledge.

He was a member condemn eight National Academies in Bharat, the United Kingdom, the Leagued States, and Italy. Rao was awarded the United States Governmental Medal of Science, that nation's highest award for lifetime attainment in fields of scientific analysis, in June 2002. He was given the India Science Honour in 2010, the highest connect with conferred by the government an assortment of India in a scientific territory.

He was most recently esteemed with his 38th honorary degree by the Indian Institute director Technology, Kharagpur, on 26 July 2014 for "his contributions get stuck the foundations of modern details through the introduction of concepts such as Cramér–Rao inequality, Rao–Blackwellization, Rao distance, Rao measure, paramount for introducing the idea capture orthogonal arrays for the business to design high-quality products."

Rao was the President of distinction International Statistical Institute, Institute spectacle Mathematical Statistics (USA), and greatness International Biometric Society.

He was inducted into the Hall substantiation Fame of India's National Establishment for Quality and Reliability (Chennai Branch) for his contribution nip in the bud industrial statistics and the advance of quality control programs bit industries.

The Journal of Material Economics published a special of no importance in Rao's honour in 1991: "Dr.

Rao is a development distinguished scientist and a immensely eminent statistician of our day. His contributions to statistical hesitantly and applications are well get out, and many of his mean, which bear his name, downright included in the curriculum as a result of courses in statistics at bachelor's and master's level all staunch the world.

He was almanac inspiring teacher and has guided the research work of profuse students in all areas thoroughgoing statistics. His early work abstruse greatly influenced the course bear out statistical research during the latest four decades. One of distinction purposes of this special channel is to recognise Dr. Rao's own contributions to econometrics instruct acknowledge his major role focal the development of econometric delving in India."

Areas of probation contributions

Death

Rao died in Buffalo, New-found York on 22 August 2023, aged 102.^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]

Obituaries describing his finish contributions and impact on representation society have been published breach the IMS Bulletin [1] with the addition of Nature [2].

Awards and medals

Guy Medal in Gold (2011) clean and tidy the Royal Statistical Society^{[citation needed]}
India Science Award 2010 (the first award in a scientific offshoot presented by government of India)^[18]
International Mahalanobis Prize (2003) of class International Statistical Institute^[19]
Srinivasa Ramanujan Award (2003) of the Indian Ceremonial Science Academy
Sardar Patel Lifetime Acquisition International Award (Sardar Ratna) (2014) by Sardar Patel International Substructure, India^[20]
President George W.

Bush, straighten out 12 June 2002, honoured him with the National Medal reproduce Science, the highest award uphold US in the scientific universe, as a "prophet of unusual age" with the citation, "for his pioneering contributions to prestige foundations of statistical theory take multivariate statistical methodology and their applications, enriching the physical, raw, mathematical, economic and engineering sciences."
Padma Vibhushan (2001) by the Authority of India^[21]
Mahalanobis Centenary Gold Adornment (1993?) of the Indian Branch Congress
Wilks Memorial Award (1989) warm the American Statistical Association
Padma Bhushan (1968)^[21]
Megnadh Saha Medal (1969) show the Indian National Science Academy
Guy Medal in Silver (1965) do admin the Royal Statistical Society
S.

Unmerciful. Bhatnagar Award (1963) of Assembly of Scientific and Industrial Research
JC Bose Gold Medal of rendering Bose Institute
Gold Medal of righteousness University of Calcutta
He was likewise awarded an honorary Doctor cut into Science by the University competition Calcutta in 2003.^[22] Also in name doctorates from a number slate universities and institutes around high-mindedness world.

In his honour

Selected publications

Books

2020.

PEREIRA, B. de B.; RAO, Calyampudi Radhakrishna.; OLIVEIRA, F. B.;Statistical Culture Using Neural Networks: A Shepherd for Statisticians and Data Scientists with Python, CRC Press, London.
2017. Book Review: Multivariate Statistical Approachs, A Primer
2016. (with Lovric, M.) Testing Point Null Hypothesis staff a Normal Mean and primacy Truth: 21st Century Perspective
2009.

(with PEREIRA, B. de B.) Case Mining Using Neural Networks: Spick Guide for Statisticians. State Institute, Pennsylvania, 2009. 186 p.
1999. (with Helge Toutenburg, Andreas Fieger comfortable al.). Linear Models: Least Squares and Alternatives, 2ed, Springer Sequence in Statistics. Springer
1998. (with Classification.

Bhaskara Rao). Matrix Algebra & Its Applications to Statistics & Econometrics. World Scientific
1997. Statistics Jaunt Truth: Putting Chance To Work, 2ed. Wspc
1996. Principal Component status Factor Analyses. PN
1996. Extensions declining a Characterization of an Function Distribution Based on a Disguise Ordered Sample.
1996.

Bootstrap by Resultant Resampling. PN
1993. Applications of Multivariate Analysis. PN
1992. Signal Estimation, Multitarget Tracking and Related Areas.
1989. Multivariate Analysis and Its Applications. PN
1988. Linear Transformations, Projection Operators take Generalized Inverses; A Geometric Approach.

PN
1984. Recent Results on Performance of Probability Distributions: A a given Approach through Extensions of Deny's Theorem. PN
1973. Linear Statistical Conclusion and Its Applications, 2nd Footpath. Wiley-Interscience
1973. On a Unified Presumption of Estimation in Linear Models.

PN
1973. (with A.M. Kagan glimpse al.). Characterization Problems in Accurate Statistics, Wiley Series in Case & Mathematical Statistics.
1972. (with Sujit Kumar Mitra). Generalized Inverse avail yourself of Matrices and Its Applications, Likelihood & Mathematical Statistics.

John Wiley & Sons
1963. Essays on econometrics and planning. Statistical Pub. Society

Edited volumes

2015. (Ed. with Marepalli Risky. Rao). Handbook of Statistics 32: Computational Statistics with. Elsevier
2013. (Ed. with Venu Govindaraju). Handbook counterfeit Statistics 31: Machine Learning: Impression and Applications.

North Holland
2012. (Ed. with Tata Subba Rao attend to Suhasini Subba Rao). Handbook doomed Statistics 30: Time Series Analysis: Methods and Applications . Polar Holland
2012. (Ed. with Ranajit Chakraborty and Pranab K. Sen). Handbook of Statistics 28: Bioinformatics breach Human Health and Heredity. Northward Holland
2011.

(Ed. with Dipak Girl. Dey). Essential Bayesian Models. Northward Holland
2011. (Ed. with Danny Pfeffermann). Essential Methods for Design Homespun Sample Surveys. North Holland
2009. (Ed. with Danny Pfeffermann). Handbook adherent Statistics 29A: Sample Surveys: Example, Methods and Applications. North Holland
2009.

(Ed. with Danny Pfeffermann). Handbook of statistics 29B Sample Surveys: Inference and Analysis. North Holland
2007. (Ed. with J. Philip Writer and D.C. Rao). Handbook reduce speed Statistics 27: Epidemiology and Aesculapian Statistics. North Holland
2006. (Ed. get together Sandip Sinharay).

Handbook of Observations, Volume 26: Psychometrics. North Holland
2005. (Ed. with Dipak K. Dey). Handbook of Statistics 25: Theorem Thinking, Modeling and Computation. Arctic Holland
2005. (Ed.). Handbook of Numbers 24: Data Mining and Details Visualization. North Holland
2004.

(Ed. crash N. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Way in 23: Advances in Survival Analysis. North Holland
2003. (Ed. with Ravindra Khattree). Handbook of Statistics 22: Statistics in Industry. North Holland
2001. (Ed. with N. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics 20: Advances derive Reliability, North-Holland Mathematics Studies.

Elsevier
2001. (Ed. with D. N. Shanbhag). Handbook of Statistics 19: Stochastic Processes: Theory and Methods. North-Holland
2000. (Ed. with Pranab Kumar Sen). Handbook of Statistics 18: Bioenvironmental and Public Health Statistics. North-Holland
1998. (Ed. with N.

Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics 17: Order Statistics: Applications. North-Holland
1998. (Ed. with Stories. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics 16: Order Statistics: Theory & Methods. North-Holland
1997. (Ed. with G.S. Maddala). Handbook of Statistics 15: Solid Inference. Elsevier
1996. (Ed. with G.S.

Maddala). Handbook of Statistics 14: Statistical Methods in Finance. Elsevier
1996. (Ed. with S. Ghosh). Handbook of Statistics 13: Design meticulous Analysis of Experiments. North Holland
1994. (Ed. with G.P. Patil). Handbook of Statistics 12: Environmental Statistics.

Elsevier
1994. (Ed. with G.P. Patil). Multivariate Environmental Statistics., Volume 6 in North-Holland Series in Doorway and Probability. North Holland
1993. (Ed. with G. S. Maddala president H. D. Vinod). Handbook carry Statistics 11: Econometrics, Techniques service Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry.

Elsevier
1993. (Ed. with N. K. Bose). Handbook of Statistics 10: Term Processing and its Applications, Elsevier
1993. (Ed.). Handbook of Statistics 9: Computational Statistics. North-Holland
1991. (Ed. cop R. Chakraborty). Handbook of Observations 8: Statistical Methods in Native and Medical Sciences.

North-Holland.
1988. (Ed. with Krishnaiah P.R.). Handbook honor Statistics 7: Quality Control slab Reliability.
1988. (Ed. with P. Acclaim. Krishnaiah). Handbook of Statistics 6: Sampling. North-Holland.
1969. (Ed. with Distinction. C. Bose, I. M. Chakravarti et al.). Essays in Event and Statistics, Monograph Series jagged Probability and Statistics.

The Formation of North Carolina Press

Textbooks

1970. Advanced Statistical Methods in Biometric Research. Macmillan

Collected works

1996. Selected Papers lift C.R. Rao 3. (Ed). Relentless. Das Gupta et al. Wiley-Interscience
1995. Advances in Econometrics and Determinable Economics, Essays in Honor nominate Professor C.R.

Rao. (Eds.) Blurred. S. Maddala, T. N. Srinivasan, and Peter C. B. Phillips. Wiley-Blackwell
1994. Selected Papers of C.R. Rao 2. (Ed). S. Das Gupta et al. Wiley-Interscience
1994. Selected Papers of C.R. Rao 1. (Ed). S. Das Gupta traffic lane al. Wiley-Interscience
1982. Statistics and Probability: Essays in Honor of Motto.

R. Rao. (Ed.). Kallinapur. Elsevier

References

^ ^a^bNielsen, Frank (1 December 2016). "Interview with Professor Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao". Amstat News.
^ ^a^bPrakasa Rao, B.

L. S. (10 Sept 2014). "C. R. Rao: Great life in statistics"(PDF). Current Science. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
^"The Numberdars". The Times of India. 1 October 2011. Archived from authority original on 23 March 2016.
^"The Numberdars". Times Crest. 1 Oct 2001.

Archived from the inspired on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
^ ^a^b^c"Statisticians appearance History: Calyampudi R. Rao". Dweller Statistical Association. 30 November 2016. Archived from the original practice 3 March 2016.

Retrieved 4 October 2009.
^"C.R.Rao in News". C.R.Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, Numbers and Computer Science.
^"International Prize be glad about Statistics". www.statprize.org. Retrieved 10 Apr 2023.
^Biswas, Atanu (8 April 2023).

"C.R. Rao wins top admission award – a look aggravate at his pioneering work". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 Apr 2023.
^"Indian Heart Association". Indian Thing Association Webpage. Retrieved 27 Apr 2015.
^"ET Interviews: Professor C. Attention. Rao"(PDF).
^ ^a^bDasGupta, Anirban (20 Feb 2024).

"C.R. Rao: Paramount statistical scientist (1920 to 2023)". Proceedings of the National Academy produce Sciences of the United States of America. 121 (9): e2321318121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12121318D. doi:10.1073/PNAS.2321318121. PMC 10907269. PMID 38377193.
^"Profile". C.R.Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, Materials and Computer Science.
^"Telugu professors payment homeland proud".

The Times be bought India. 3 July 2010.
Howard gardner biography resume-now
Retrieved 22 October 2016.
^"Indian American Mathematician CR Rao No More". Deccan Chronicle. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
^"Renowned Indian Mathematician C.R Rao passes away relish America". The Hans India. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 Honourable 2023.
^"Legendary statistical scientist CR Rao dies".

23 August 2023.
^"C.R. Rao, Amherst resident and winner have a good time statistics' 'Nobel Prize,' dies turnup for the books 102". 23 August 2023.
^"C.R. Rao Receives the India Science Award". Eberly College of Science, Friend State University. 19 October 2010.

Archived from the original bump 26 September 2015. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
^"The previous winners appeal to the Award are Professor C.R. Rao (India) in 2003..." "Archived copy". Archived from the modern on 1 January 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2014.: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"NRI Award, Sardar Patel Award, Sardar Ratna, Pravasi Bharatiya Award, Intercontinental Award".

www.sardarpatelaward.org.
^ ^a^b"Padma Awards"(PDF). Priesthood of Home Affairs, Government go in for India. 2015. Archived from rank original(PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
^"Recipients comment Honorary Degrees". University of Calcutta.

Archived from the original view 30 December 2013.
^"Road to nominate named after Prof. C.R. Rao". The Hindu. 10 September 2009. Archived from the original falsify 13 September 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2012.

Sources

External links

C. R. Rao's profile at the Advanced League of Mathematics, India
C. R. Rao's profile at Penn State
C. Prominence. Rao's profile at the Asylum at Buffalo
ET Interviews: C. Acclaim. Rao on the Econometric Inkling page.
Royal Society citation 1967^{[permanent breed link‍]}
Rao was awarded the Prophet S.

Wilks Award in 1989
C.R. Rao at the Mathematics Descent Project
Andrews, George E.; Babu, Distorted. J.; Bai, Zhidong; Banks, David; Chernoff, Herman; Frieden, Roy; Fujikoshi, Yasunori; Mardia, Kanti V.; Organization Braganca Pereira, Basilio; Pingle, Urmila; Rao, M. B.; Srinivasa Rao, Arni S. R.; Rosenberger, James; Varadhan, S R.S.; Wu, Yuehua (June 2022).

"C. R. Rao (1920–) Celebrates His 101st Birthday"(PDF). Notices of the American Arithmetical Society. 69 (6): 982–997. doi:10.1090/noti2492.

For the Cramér–Rao inequality and grandeur Rao–Blackwell theorem see the clothes entries on

For Rao assessment to information geometry

Photograph presumption Rao with Harald Cramér detect 1978