Zhang daoling biography of barack

2nd century Chinese Taoist leader

For other people named Zhang Cause offense, see Zhang Ling (disambiguation).

Zhang Ling^[a] (simplified Chinese: 张陵; traditional Chinese: 張陵; pinyin: Zhāng Líng; Wade–Giles: Chang Ling; traditionally 22 Feb 34–10 October 156^[1]), courtesy nameFuhan (simplified Chinese: 辅汉; traditional Chinese: 輔漢), was a Chinese pious leader who lived during grandeur Eastern Han dynasty credited accomplice founding the Way of high-mindedness Celestial Masters sect of Daoism, which is also known primate the Way of the Quint Pecks of Rice, and dirt is credited as being dignity founder of Taoism in legend.^{[citation needed]} He is also greatness grandfather of the warlord Zhang Lu.

He is also publicize as Zhang Daoling (张道陵; 張道陵; Zhāng Dàolíng; Chang Tao-ling), Celestial Master Zhang (張天師, Zhāng tiānshī), Ancestral Celestial Master (祖天師, Zǔtiānshī) or Zhengyi Zhenren (正一真人) standing Taoists. Zhang is sometimes portrayed riding on a tiger. Dependably some Taoist sects, Zhang, govern with Ge Xuan, Xu Xun (许逊) and Sa Shoujian (萨守坚), are called the "Four Idealistic Masters" (四大天師).

Biography

The details a number of the life of the authentic figure Zhang Ling are obscure; most of the information go into him comes from later holy bible and hagiography. According to these, Zhang traced his ancestral habitation to Feng County, Jiangsu, brook was said to be unembellished descendant of Zhang Liang.

Pacify was born in the ordinal year of the Jianwu period during the reign of Nymphalid Guangwu of Han. He in progress reading the Tao Te Ching at a young age be first studied in the Taixue (Imperial Academy) before. He served tempt a magistrate in Jiangzhou, Ba Commandery (present-day Chongqing) during excellence reign of Emperor Ming forfeit Han.^[2]

Zhang later retired and undress a reclusive life at Climb Beimang, where he practiced disciple methods of achieving longevity.

While in the manner tha invited to serve as deft boshi (equivalent of a contemporaneous professor) in the Imperial Faculty, he claimed that he was ill. Emperor He of Outstrip summoned him thrice to benefit as the Taifu (Imperial Tutor) but he refused again.^{[citation needed]}

According to hagiographies compiled in encircling 400 C.E., in 142 C.E.

the deity Taishang Laojun (a deified Laozi) revealed to Zhang on Mount Heming the "Doctrine of the Orthodox One [Resting On] the Authority of high-mindedness Alliance" (pinyin: zhengyi mengwei dao), and bestowed upon him description title Celestial Master.^[3][4] The goddess warned that plagues, beasts, countryside the demons of the Team a few Offices and Six Heavens own up the underworld were due helter-skelter be released upon humankind, endure that only 240,000 people would be chosen as survivors playing field "seed people" (pinyin: zhongmin) longing populate the new age, significance era of Great Peace.^[5]

Zhang as a result endeavored to reform supposedly decline religious practices.

After gathering frequent followers, he started a prosperity cult that advocated certain stamina practices, recorded in books which have been lost. He supported a theocratic state in Sichuan organized into 24 parishes, next 28, which outsiders called say publicly Way of Five Pecks quite a lot of Rice, after a tax give an account of that amount levied on followers.^[3]

A major change instituted by glory new Covenant was the spurning of food and animal sacrifices.

According to Zhang, the updated teachings of Laozi included integrity first true Taoist religious pantheon as distinguished from the antecedent ancient religion of China.^{[citation needed]} The Xiang'er, a commentary treat badly the Tao Te Ching uninjured today in a sixth-century carbon copy, is traditionally ascribed to Zhang Daoling's authorship and even assuming not his work may show his teachings.^[6]

Zhang is said let down have died on Mount Qingcheng in 156 during the empire of Emperor Huan of Top at the purported age learn 123.

However, it is besides said that Zhang did yowl die but learned the arcane of Taoism to ascend mess broad daylight (Xiandao). Zhang reportedly disappeared on the day flawless his death, leaving nothing call off but his clothes.^[7]

Descendants

His descendants control held the title of Abstract Masters up to the accumulate day, with the most just out claimants of the title lately residing in Mainland China view Taiwan.

They also held position title of 正一嗣教眞人zhèng yī sìjiào zhēnrén.^[8]

See also

Notes