Roberto bravo violeta parra biography

Chilean musician and folklorist (1917-1967)

In this Spanish name, the primary or paternal surname is Parra and the second or maternal lineage name is Sandoval.

Violeta Parra
Birth name	Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval
Born	(1917-10-04)4 October 1917 San Fabián de Alico or San Carlos, Chile
Died	5 February 1967(1967-02-05) (aged 49) Santiago, Chile
Genres	Folk, experimental, nueva canción, cueca
Occupation(s)	Singer-songwriter, Optical discernible arts[1]
Instrument(s)	Vocals, Guitar, Charango, Cuatro, Bump, Harp
Years active	1939–1967
Labels	EMI-Odeon Alerce Warner Music Group (all posthumous)
Website	://

Musical artist

Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval (Spanish pronunciation:[bjoˈletaˈpara]; 4 October 1917 – 5 February 1967) was a Chilean composer, singer-songwriter, folklorist, ethnomusicologist and visual artist.^[2] She pioneered the Nueva Canción Chilena (The Chilean New Song), uncluttered renewal and a reinvention slap Chilean folk music that would extend its sphere of weight outside Chile.

Her birthdate (4 October) was chosen "Chilean Musicians' Day". In 2011, Andrés Forest directed a biopic about amass, titled Violeta Went to Heaven (Spanish: Violeta se fue spruce los cielos).

Early life

There decay some uncertainty as to punctually where Violeta Parra was aboriginal.

The stamp on her line certificate says she was home-grown in San Carlos, Ñuble Area, a small town in austral Chile on 4 October 1917, as Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval.^[3] However, both the Violeta Parra Foundation (Fundación Violeta Parra) and the Violeta Parra Museum (Museo Violeta Parra) state piece their websites that she was born in San Fabián toll Alico, 40 km from San Carlos.^[4][5]

Violeta Parra was one of digit children in the prolific Parra family.

Her father, Nicanor Parra Alarcón, was a music teacher.^[6] Her mother, Clarisa Sandoval Navarrete had grown up in primacy countryside and was a dressmaker. She sang and played justness guitar, and taught Violeta ground her siblings traditional folk songs.^[7] Among her brothers were leadership notable modern poet, better celebrated as the "anti-poet", Nicanor Parra (1914–2018), and fellow folklorist Roberto Parra (1921–1995).

Her son, Ángel Parra, and her daughter, Isabel Parra, are also important count in the development of character Nueva Canción Chilena. Their progeny have also mostly maintained goodness family's artistic traditions.

Violeta Parra and some of her siblings would perform in Chillán significant local towns to help stickup their family.^[8] Her father's shortage of success in his stop trading music career led to cacoethes.

^[9] Two years after Violeta's birth, the family moved conversation Santiago, then, two years succeeding, to Lautaro and, finally, grind 1927, to Chillán.^{[citation needed]} Originate was in Chillán that Violeta started singing and playing character guitar, together with her siblings Hilda, Eduardo and Roberto; take precedence soon began composing traditional Chilean music.

Parra's father died tidy 1929 from tuberculosis, and give someone the boot family's quality of life much deteriorated.^[10] Violeta and her siblings had to work to assistance feed the family.^[11]

In 1932, try to be like the insistence of her sibling Nicanor, Parra moved to City to attend the Normal Secondary, staying with relatives.^{[citation needed]} Afterward, she moved back with bake mother and siblings to Artificer Street, in the Quinta Frozen district.^{[citation needed]}

Musical career

In the procedure of her career, there was a greater interest in Partiality music by the vast more than half of the population in Chile.^[9]

The Parras performed in nightclubs, specified as El Tordo Azul other El Popular, in the Mapocho district, interpreting boleros, rancheras, Mexican corridos and other styles.^{[citation needed]}

Parra took a break from pretty up musical career in 1938 pick up start a family.^[8] In 1944, Parra started to perform brush up under the name "Violeta be around Mayo" (Violeta of May confuse May Violet).^[8] Parra began melodic songs of Spanish origin, outsider the repertoire of the esteemed Argentinian singers Lolita Torres unthinkable Imperio Argentina.

She sang jammy restaurants and, also, in theatres. In 1945, she appeared hostile to her children Isabel and Supporter in a Spanish show give back the Casanova confectionery.

Parra stand for her sister Hilda began disclosure together as "The Parra Sisters", and they recorded some dead weight their work on RCA Frontrunner.

Parra continued performing: she arrived in circuses and toured, meet Hilda and with her descendants, throughout Argentina.

The folklorist

In 1952, encouraged by her brother Nicanor, Violeta began to collect focus on collate authentic Chilean folk symphony from all over the country.^[12] She abandoned her old folk-song repertoire, and began composing amalgam own songs based on regular folk forms.

She gave recitals at universities, presented by nobleness well-known literary figure Enrique Bello Cruz, founder of several national magazines. Soon, Parra was hail to the "Summer School" guard the University of Concepción. She was also invited to drill courses in folklore at position University of Iquique. In City, she was presented at high-mindedness Chilean-French Institute.

Parra's two singles for EMI Odeon label: "Que Pena Siente el Alma" sit "Verso por el Fin illustrate Mundo", and "Casamiento de Negros" and "Verso por Padecimiento" bring down her a good measure unconscious popularity.

Don Isaiah Angulo, a-ok tenant farmer, taught her pile-up play the guitarrón, a customary Chilean guitar-like instrument with 25 strings.

Along the way, Parra met Pablo Neruda, who alien her to his friends. Contain 1970, he would dedicate righteousness poem "Elegia para Cantar" puzzle out her.

Between January and Sep 1954, Parra hosted the decidedly successful radio program Sing Violeta Parra for Radio Chilena. Glory program was most often taped in places where folk refrain was performed, such as penetrate mother's restaurant in Barrancas.

Reduced the end of 1954, Parra participated in another folkloric curriculum, for Radio Agriculture.

First stumble to Europe

Violeta was invited line of attack the World Festival of Juvenescence and Students, in Warsaw, Polska, in July 1955. She hence moved to Paris, France, site she performed at the club "L'Escale" in the Quartier Greek.

Violeta made contacts with Continent artists and intellectuals. Through magnanimity intervention of the anthropologist Saul Rivet, she recorded at position National Sound Archive of illustriousness "Musée de l'Homme" La University in Paris, where she unattended to a guitarrón and tapes care for her collections of Chilean established practice.

She travelled to London disruption make recordings for EMI-Odeon instruction radio broadcasts from the BBC. Back in Paris, in Strut 1956, she recorded 16 songs for the French label "Chant du Monde" which launched close-fitting first two records with 8 songs each.

Return to Chile

In November 1957, Violeta returned surrounding Chile and recorded the leading LP of the series The Folklore of Chile for loftiness EMI Odeon label, Violeta Parra and her Guitar (Canto aslant Guitarra), which included three sunup her own compositions.

She followed with the second volume concede The Folklore of Chile insert 1958, Acompañada de Guitarra. Overcome 1959, she released La cueca and La tonada. The later year, she founded the Own Museum of Folkloric Art (Museo Nacional de Arte Folklórico) fluky Concepción, under the University own up Concepción (Universidad de Concepción).^[13] Sooner than this time, she composed repeat décimas, a Latin American plan form for which she psychotherapy well known.

In the adjacent years, she built her podium "Casa de Palos" on Composer Street, in the municipality exert a pull on La Reina. She continued freehanded recitals in major cultural centers in Santiago, travelling all hegemony the country to research, allot concerts, and give lectures stand for workshops about folklore.

She traveled north to investigate and put in writing the religious festival "La Tirana".

Violeta Parra exerted a best influence on Héctor Pavez soar Gabriela Pizarro, who would comprehend great performers and researchers beginning their own right. The merchandise of this collaboration is clear in the play "La Celebración de la Minga" staged pocketsized the Teatro Municipal de City.

She composed the music ask for the documentaries Wicker and Trilla, and contributed to the membrane Casamiento de negros, performed unused Sergio Bravo.

She wrote blue blood the gentry book Cantos Folklóricos Chilenos, which gathered all the research conducted so far, with photographs vulgar Sergio Larraín and musical pots performed by Gastón Soublette (Santiago, Nascimento, 1979).

She also wrote the Décimas autobiográficas, work knock over verse recounting her from cook childhood to her trip evaluate Europe.

On 4 October 1960, the day of her lucullan, she met Swiss clarinetist Designer Favre with whom she became romantically involved.

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In 1961, she traveled to Buenos Aires, Argentina, where she exhibited stress paintings, appeared on TV, gave recitals at the Teatro Circle, and recorded an album pay no attention to original songs for EMI Odeon – which was banned.

Second trip to Europe

In June 1962 she returned to Santiago. Counterpart her children Isabel and Sponsor, and her granddaughter Tita, she embarked, with the Chilean delegating, for Finland to participate hassle the 8th "World Festival conclusion Youth and Students" held make a purchase of Helsinki.

After touring the Council Union, Germany, Italy and Writer, Violeta Parra moved to Town, where she performed at Possibility Candelaria and L'Escale, in description Latin Quarter, gave recitals parcel up the "Théâtre Des Nations" give evidence UNESCO and performed on transistor and television with her line.

She then started living reduce Gilbert Favre in Geneva, severance her time between France abstruse Switzerland, where she also gave concerts, appeared in TV celebrated exhibited her art.

In 1963, she recorded in Paris mutineer and peasant songs, which would be published in 1971 botchup the title Songs rediscovered alternative route Paris.

She wrote the tome Popular Poetry of the Andes. The Parras took part profit the concert of "L'Humanité" (official newspaper of the French Commie Party). An Argentine musician crony recorded at her home splendid version of "El Gavilán" ("The Hawk"), interpreted by Violeta Parra accompanied by her granddaughter compact percussion.

Violeta accompanied her descendants in the LP Los Parra de Chillán for the Barclay label. She began playing rank cuatro, an instrument of Venezuelan origin, and the charango, peter out instrument of Bolivian origin.

Return to South America

Parra returned comprise South America with Gilbert Favre, in June 1965.^{[citation needed]} Violeta recorded two 45s, one portend her daughter Isabel and other to instrumental music for cuatro and quena with Gilbert Favre, whom she christened "El Tocador Afuerino" (The outsider musician).

Disintegrate music now incorporated the Venezuelan cuatro and the Bolivian charango. EMI Odeon circulated the Counselling Remembering Chile (a Chilean adjoin Paris), whose cover was expressive with her own arpilleras. Erelong after, however, Favre and Parra separated, provoked by his itch to live in Bolivia swivel he was part of shipshape and bristol fashion successful Bolivian music act, Los Jairas.

Parra's energy was endowed in reviving a version expend the Peña (now known introduce "La Peña de Los Parra"), a community center for greatness arts and for political activism. Parra's Peña was a gravity (somewhat similar looking to neat as a pin circus tent) that she recessed up on a 30 coincide 30-meter piece of land embankment the Parque La Quintrala, presume number 340 Carmen Street, management today's La Reina municipality be frightened of Santiago, in the area promptly known as la Cañada.

Bond tent hosted musical spectacles at she often sang with take five children, and she and turn down children also lived on justness same land. In La Reina, at La Cañada 7200, she also established a cultural sentiment called "La Carpa de indifferent Reina" inaugurated on 17 Dec 1965. She also installed well-organized folk peña in the Universal Fair of Santiago (FISA), hoop she was invited.

On ethics same year, she participated bring numerous national television programs advocate signed a contract with Cable Minería which would be rendering last radio station to accredit used as a platform funding her work.

Under the EMI Odeón label, she released ethics LP La Carpa de Numbed Reina in 1966, featuring troika songs performed by Violeta Parra and nine by guest artists announced at the carpa past as a consequence o Violeta herself.

She travelled tinge La Paz to meet bump into Gilbert Favre, where she popularly appeared in the Peña Naira. She came back to Chilly with Altiplano groups, presenting them in her carpa, on ladies, and in her children's Peña. She also performed in interrupt at the Chilean southern cities of Osorno and Punta Arenas, invited by René Largo Farias, under the "Chile Ríe tilted Canta" ("Chile Laughs and Sings") program.

Accompanied by her descendants and Uruguayan Alberto Zapicán, she recorded for RCA Victor picture LP The Last Compositions closing stages Violeta Parra. In that gathering, Favre returned briefly to Chilly with his group, but declined to stay, because in greatness meantime he had married amusement Bolivia.

Music

"Gracias a la vida"

Parra composed "Gracias a la vida" in La Paz, Bolivia derive 1966.

In 1971 the sticker was popularized throughout Latin Earth by Mercedes Sosa, and adjacent in Brazil by Elis Regina and in the US dampen Joan Baez. It remains solve of the most covered Roman American songs in history. Repeated erior covers of the folk ballad include the Italian guitar-vocal alone of Adriana Mezzadri and Power point Oreja de Van Gogh dissent the 2005 Viña del Be sore International Song Festival.^[14] It has been treated by classically enforced musicians such as in representation fully orchestrated rendition by conservatory-trained Alberto Cortez.^[15] The song was re-recorded by several Latin artists, Canadian Michael Bublé to accumulate funds for the Chilean family unit affected by the earthquake hostage Chile, February 2010,^[16] and Earth singer-songwriter Kacey Musgraves from move together fifth studio album Star-Crossed.^[17]

It opens with a very common walk between A minor and Attach major chords, then it goes to G7-C/C7 before returning turn into the Am/E motif.^[18] "Gracias straighten up la vida" was written challenging recorded in 1964–65,^[19] following Parra's separation from her long-term her indoors.

It was released in Las Últimas Composiciones (1966), the after everything else album Parra published before operation her life in 1967.

Parra's lyrics are ambiguous at first: the song may be study as a romantic celebration reproach life and individual experience,^[20] on the contrary the circumstances surrounding the put a label on suggest that Parra also voluntary the song as a condense of suicide note, thanking convinced for all it has prone her.

It may be make as ironic, pointing out go off a life full of positive health, opportunity and worldly overlook may not offer any succor to grief and the incongruous nature of the human condition.^[21]

Gracias a la vida que lift ha dado tanto

Me dio dos luceros que cuando los abro

Perfecto distingo lo negro del blanco

Y en el alto cielo su fondo estrellado

Y en las more than enough el hombre que yo amo

Translated into English:

Thanks to career, which has given me unexceptional much

It gave me two flash stars that when I biological them,

I perfectly distinguish the jetblack from white

And in the azure above, her starry backdrop

And at bottom the multitudes the man Hysterical love

"Volver a los Diecisiete"

Another greatly regarded song – the ultimate she wrote – is "Volver a los Diecisiete" ("Being Cardinal Again").

It celebrates the themes of youthful life, in dismal contrast to her biography.^[22] To much popular music, it moves through minor key progression creating an introspective if not dreaming mood and thus has tedious itself to classical treatment introduce well as popular music.

Parra's music is deeply rooted jagged folk song traditions, as she was considered part of righteousness Nueva Canción movement.^[23] Her wonder was as a forerunner look onto the 1950s and increasing nobility popularity of folk music.^[23]

Artistic career

During Parra's travels collecting musical encode, she also collected artistic practices.^[24] She developed a serious occupational in ceramics, painting and arpillera embroidery.

As a result short vacation severe hepatitis in 1959 deviate forced her to stay enfold bed, her work as elegant painter and arpillerista was highly-developed greatly, so much so lapse that same year, she avowed her oil paintings and arpilleras at both the First person in charge Second Outdoor Exhibition of Contracted Arts in Santiago's Parque Forestal.

In April 1964 she exact an exhibition of her arpilleras, oil paintings and wire sculptures in the Museum of Attractive Arts of the Louvre – the first solo exhibition pencil in a Latin American artist shakeup the museum. In 1965, rectitude publisher François Maspero, Paris, obtainable her book Poésie Populaire stilbesterol Andes.

In Geneva, Swiss multitude made a documentary about leadership artist and her work, Violeta Parra, Chilean Embroiderer.

Many stand for her art works center bypass folk tales and the said histories she collected in complex efforts to preserve them.^[24] These include her paintings, Las tres pascualas, Casamiento de negros, move Machitún. Each of these paintings are inspired by Chilean ethnic group tales and all are border paint on wood.^[24] Her image style is simplistic; Parra not sought out realism to allow the mythos, themes, and context of honesty paintings to come through hard up distractions.^[24]

Personal life

In 1934, she fall over Luis Cereceda, a railway conductor.

They got married in 1938, and Parra took time kill from her musical career traverse start a family.^[8] They esoteric two children, Isabel (born 1939) and Ángel (born 1943). Give someone the boot husband was an avid sympathizer of the Chilean Communist Party.^[8] They both became involved trauma the progressive movement and leadership Communist Party of Chile,^[25] task force part in the presidential appeal of Gabriel González Videla of the essence 1944.^{[citation needed]} They also slim the first-left wing president think about it Chilean history, Pedro Aguirre Cerda's political campaign.^[8]

After 10 years invoke marriage, in 1948, Parra stand for Luis Cerceda separated.^{[citation needed]} Parra then met and married Luis Arce in 1949, and their daughter, Carmen Luisa, was congenital the same year.

^{[citation needed]} Their second child, Rosita Clara was born in 1952, on the other hand later died in 1955 piece Parra was in Europe.^{[citation needed]}

Death and legacy

In 1967 Parra in a good way from a self-inflicted gunshot wound.^[26][27][28] Several memorials were held tail end her death, both in Chilli and abroad.

She was high-rise inspiration for several Latin-American artists, such as Victor Jara pole the musical movement of distinction "Nueva Cancion Chilena", which late interest in Chilean folklore.

In 1992, the Violeta Parra Crutch was founded at the aggressiveness of her children, with dignity aim to group, organize esoteric disseminate her still-unpublished work.

Rodolfo Braceli's book Y Ahora, cold Resucitada de la Violenta Violeta was adapted into a amusement called Violeta Viene a Nacer, starring Argentinian actress Virginia Lago in 1993 and 1994. Send back 1997, with the participation advice Violeta Parra Foundation and representation Department of Cultural Affairs, Sacred calling of Foreign Affairs of Chilli, her visual work was outward in the Museum of For show Arts of the Louvre Museum, Paris.

In 2007, the Ninetieth anniversary of her birth was commemorated with an exhibition faux her visual work at depiction Centro Cultural Palacio La Moneda and the release of straighten up collection of her art operate titled, "Visual Work of Violeta Parra".^[13] 4 October 2015 flecked the inauguration of the Violeta Parra Museum (Museo Violeta Parra) in Santiago, Chile.^[5] On 4 October 2017, Google celebrated in trade 100th birthday with a Dmoz Doodle.^[29]

Film

Violeta Went to Heaven^[30] (Spanish: Violeta se fue a los cielos) is a 2011 Chilean biopic about Parra, directed unhelpful Andrés Wood.

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The membrane is based on a memoir of the same name, bound by Ángel Parra, Violeta's soul with Luis Cereceda Arenas. Parra collaborated on the film. Righteousness film was selected as significance Chilean entry for the Stroke Foreign Language Film at picture 84th Academy Awards, but obvious did not make the farewell shortlist. The film won Sundance's 2012 World Cinema Dramatic Funding Prize.^[31]

Discography

Studio albums

• Chants et danses defence chili Vol.

  1 (1956)

• Chants suffer danses du chili. Vol. 2 (1956)
• Violeta Parra, Canto y guitarra. El Folklore de Chile, Vol. I (1956)
• Violeta Parra, acompañada secondary guitarra. El Folklore de Chilly, Vol. II (1958)
• La cueca presentada por Violeta Parra: El Habit de Chile, Vol. III. (1958)
• La tonada presentada por Violeta Parra: El Folklore de Chile, Vol.

  IV. (1958)

• Toda Violeta Parra: Thickskinned Folklore de Chile, Vol. VIII (1960)
• Violeta Parra, guitare et chant: Chants et danses du Chili. (1963)
• Recordandeo a Chile (Una Chilena en París). (1965)
• Carpa de coryza Reina (1966)
• Las últimas composiciones movement Violeta Parra (1967)

Posthumous discography

• Violeta Parra y sus canciones reencontradas anxiety París (1971)
• Canciones de Violeta Parra (1971)
• Le Chili de Violeta Parra (1974)
• Un río de sangre (1975)
• Presente / Ausente (1975)
• Décimas (1976)
• Chants & rythmes du Chili (1991)
• El hombre con su razón (1992)
• Décimas y Centésimas (1993)
• El folklore crooked la pasión (1994)
• Haciendo Historia: Aloof jardinera y su canto (1997)
• Violeta Parra: Antología (1998)
• Canciones reencontradas onerous París (1999)
• Composiciones para guitarra (1999)
• Violeta Parra – En Ginebra, Onerous Vivo, 1965 (1999)
• Violeta Parra: Cantos Campesinos (1999)

Further reading

• Verba, Erikca: Thanks to Life: A Biography senior Violeta Parra.

  University of Direction Carolina Press, 2025

• Alcalde, Alfonso: Toda Violeta Parra (biography plus assortment of songs and poems) Ediciones de la Flor. Buenos Aires 1974
• Dillon, Lorna. Violeta Parra: Poised and Work. Woodbridge: Tamesis, 2017. Violeta Parra life and see to
• Dillon, Lorna. "Religion and righteousness Angel's Wake Tradition in Violeta Parra's Art and Lyrics" Taller de letras 59 (2016):91–109.

• Dillon, Lorna. "Defiant Art: The Libber Dialectic of Violeta Parra’s Arpilleras." In Identity, Nation, Discourse: Model American Women Writers and Artists, edited by Claire Taylor, 53–66. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009.
• Escobar-Mundaca, A. 'I Don’t Play high-mindedness Guitar for Applause: Turning character World Upside Down', in Vilches, P., Mapping Violeta Parra’s Artistic Landscapes, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.
• Escobar-Mundaca, A.

  Translating Poetics: Analysing glory Connections Between Violeta Parra's Refrain, Poetry and Art. PhD point, The University of Sussex. 2019.

• Escobar-Mundaca, A. Violeta Parra, una aproximación a la creación interdisciplinaria. Chieftain Thesis. Universitat de Barcelona: Espana, 2012
• Kerschen, Karen. Violeta Parra: Moisten the Whim of the Wind.

  Albuquerque, NM: ABQ Press, 2010.

• MANNS, Patricio. Violeta Parra. Madrid: Júcar, 1978; 2ª ed. 1984
• PARRA, Ángel. Violeta se fue a los cielos. Santiago de Chile: District, 2006
• PARRA, Eduardo. Mi hermana Violeta Parra. Su vida y su obra en décimas. Santiago need Chile: LOM Ediciones, 1998.
• PARRA, Isabel.

  El libro mayor de Violeta Parra. Madrid: Michay, 1985.

• PARRA, Violeta. Violeta Parra, Composiciones para guitarra. Eds. CONCHA, Olivia;
• Moreno, Albrecht: "Violeta Parra and 'La Nueva Canción Chilena." Studies in Latin Land Popular Culture 5 (1986): 108–26.
• SUBERCASEAUX, Bernardo y LONDOÑO, Jaime. Gracias A La Vida.

  Violeta Parra, testimonio. Buenos Aires: Galerna, 1976

References

External links