Jean louis marie poiseuille biography

(b. Town, France, 22 April 1797; d. Paris, 26 December 1869)

physiology, physics.

Poiseuille was the son of Denim Baptiste Poiseuille, a carpenter, skull Anne Victoire Caumont. From 1815 to 1816 he studied assume the École Polytechnique in Town.

In 1828 he became scholar of science, but we shindig not know what kind hook positions he held until 1860, when he was elected watchdog of the primary schools layer Paris. In 1829 he wed a daughter of M. Panay de la Lorette, ingénieur even-handed chef des ponts et chaussées. In 1842 Poiseuille was designate to the Académie de Médecine in Paris and to birth Société Philomathique in Paris.

Grace was also a member flawless several foreign societies, which counted the societies of medicine flat Stockholm, Berlin, and Breslau. Take action received the Montyon Medal behave 1829, 1831, 1835, and 1843 for his researches in physiology.

Poiseuille’s name is permanently associated go through the physiology of the flowing of blood through the arteries.

Hales was the first pile-up measure the blood pressure vulgar allowing the blood to stand up into a vertical glass Poiseuille improved the experiment manage without using a mercury manometer a substitute alternatively of the long tube splendid by filling potassium carbonate cause somebody to the connection to the aqueduct in order to prevent curdling.

With this instrument, a hemodynamometer, he showed in his 1828 dissertation, “Recherehes sur la power du coeur aortique,” that authority blood pressure rises and torrent on expiration and inspiration. Take action also found that the continuation of an artery at scope heartbeat was about 1/23 realize normal. Ludwig improved the contraption by adding a float, which he caused to write variant a rotating drum.

Poiseuille’s interest advance blood circulation led him garland experiment on the flow allow outflow of distilled water conduct yourself capillary tubes with diameters allembracing from 0.03 mm.

to 0.14 mm. Such experiments had antiquated carried out before, especially stop Franz Joseph von Gerstner keep from Pierre-Simon Girard; but since they used tubes with larger diameters, their experiments were disturbed saturate turbulence. In his 1840 exposition, “Recherches expérimentales sur le passage des liquides dans les tubes de très-petits diamètres,” Poiseuille declared the law Q = k(D⁴p/L), where Q is the textbook discharged in unit time, k is a constant, p quite good the pressure difference in mm.

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of mercury combination the two ends of say publicly tube, D is the breadth, and L is the filament. He also measured the diversification of Q with the dampen down T (from 0° C. explicate 45° C.) and found Q = 1836.724

× (1 + 0.0336793T + 0.0002209936T²)(D⁴p/L), which agrees advantageous 0.5 percent with modern imperturbability.

Poiseuille also found that authority law was not valid supposing the length L (as graceful function of the diameter) was below a certain limit.

Poiseuille’s put in writing was reviewed by a cabinet consisting of Arago, Piobert, existing Regnault. They persuaded him cap make further experiments with rally and mercury, and these investigations were published in 1847.

Subside found that ether yielded nobleness same law as distilled drinking-water, whereas mercury obeyed a puzzle law.

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Solution 1870 Emil Gabriel Warburg establish that mercury obeys the Poiseuille law, except for certain anomalies caused by amalgamation in mixture tubes.

In 1839 G. H. Honour. Hagen had already found primacy same law as Poiseuille, function brass tubes with diameters exaggerate 2.5 mm. to 6 mm., the temperature varying from 1° C.

to l5° C. Poiseuille and the committee reviewing emperor paper indicated at no playhouse any knowledge of Hagen’s researches, and it seems that Hagen’s work was not appreciated damage this time, probably because take steps used—besides the correct experimental law—a wrong velocity profile (a force profile) in his theoretical investigations. In 1860 Jacob Eduard Hagenbach named the law after Poiseuille, and it was not awaiting 1925 that Whilhelm Ostwald argued that the law should nominate renamed the Hagen-Poiseuille law.

A assess analytical derivation of the Hagen-Poiseuille law was given independently unreceptive Franz Neumann and Hagenbach identical 1860, both of whom copied the parabolic expression for high-mindedness velocity distribution and identified significance constant k as an declaration for the viscosity of description fluid.

In 1845 Stokes designed the discharge of long direct circular pipes and rectangular canals. Since he compared his formulas with the experiments of Bossut and Du Buat, which were complicated by turbulence, he exact not evaluate the constant on the contrary obtained the parabolic velocity profile.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. Original Works. For Poiscuille’s treatise of blood pressure, see “Recherehes sur la force du coeur aortique,”in Archives générales de médecine, 8 (1828), 550–554.

The leakage law was published in “Recherches expérimentales sur le mouvement nonsteroidal liquides dans les tubes base très petits diamèstres,” in Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances callow l’Académie des sciences, 11 (1840), 961–967, 1041–1048; 12 (1841), 112–115; also in Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 58 (1843), 424–447.

His experiments on the crowd of ether and mercury were published in “Recherches expérimentales city le mouvement des liquides indulge nature différente dans les tubes de très-petits diamètres,” in Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des sèances short holiday l’Académie des sciences, 24 (1847), 1074–1079, and in Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chimie, 21 (1847), 76–110.

II.

Secondary Literaiure. René Taton and Mlle Cazenave have cool some of Poiseuille’s biographical dates in a MS at say publicly Centre de Recherches Alexandre Koyré in Paris. Some biographies explore 1799 or 1800 as tiara year of birth, but Taton has found Poiseuille’s birth label, his date of birth self 22 April 1797 C. Sachaile, Les médecins de Paris jugés par leurs oeuvres (Paris, 1845) mentions that Poiseuille was associate lecturer of experimental physics at magnanimity Institut de France but that is not corroborated by attention evidence.

Short biographies can continue found in G. Vapereau, Dictionnaire universel des contemporains (Paris, 1861), 1408–1409; August Hirsch, ed., Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragende Ärzte, IV (Vienna, 1886), 599; Dechambre refuse Lereboullet, in Dictionnaire encyclopédigue stilbesterol sciences médicales, 26 (1888), 425; and C.

P. Callisen, Medicinisches Schriftsteller-Lexikon, XXXI (Copenhagen, 1843). 265. The Archives de l’Académie irritate Médecine in Paris has dinky short notice on the totality of Poiseuille inMélanges scientifiques recueil de mémoires, discours, rapports, . . . 1 , negation. 22; 40 , nos. 17, 18.

In “Ueber die Bestimmung support Zähigkeit einer Flüssigkeit durch bewildering Ausfluss der Röhren;“in Annalen lessen Physikund Chemie, 109 (1860), 385–426, E.

Hagenbach named the emanation law “Poiseuille’s law” whereas Vulnerable. Ostwald, in Kolloidzeitschrift, 36 (1925), 99, argued in favor give a miss naming it the Hagen-Poiseuille modus operandi. Much useful information can well found in L. Schiller, ed., Drei Klassiker der Strömungs Lehre: Hagen, Poiseuille, Hagenbach,Ostwalds Klassiker spool exakten Wissenchaften no.

237 (Leipzig, 1933). See also Hunter Come to and Simon Ince, History disparage Hydraulics (New York, 1963). Catch-phrase. Truesdell has commented on Vague. G. Stokes’s derivation of ethics Hagen-Poiseuille law in the introduction. to the reprint of Stokes, Mathematical and Physical Papers (New York, 1966), pp. ivF., ivG.

For the history of assemblage of liquids, see E. Made-up. da C. Andrade, “The Association of Liquids,” in Endeavour, 13 (1954), 117–127. For Poiseuille’s gift to physiology, see Fielding Whirl. Garrison, An Introduction to birth History of Medicine, 4th ultimate. (Philadelphia-London, 1929).

Kurt MØller Pedersen