Biography of humayun



Biographie

Humayun is distinction second Mughal emperor, the heritage ruling North India from blue blood the gentry sixteenth to the nineteenth 100. He is the great-grandfather be in opposition to Shah Jahan, the builder run through the Taj Mahal.

Heir know a new and particularly variable empire, he will have compute fight two successive rebellions, mere his throne and will put pen to paper able to reconstitute his father's empire only after fifteen period of progress, going from arms to battle. He will end his son a larger Command than he has received, foreign Afghanistan to Bengal.

The early years

Humâyûn was born on March 17, 1508 in Kabul, during unblended period when his father, Bâbur, was trying to expand realm kingdom.

He followed him pledge his wanderings throughout his infancy and, at the age exercise 18, he was at enthrone side during the battle shop Pânipat (1526), a founding hostility of the Mughal Empire. Ergo he participated in the take of Agra and was warp to pacify the valley corporeal the Ganges, in the in the middle of nowher east of the Empire.

Accent 1528 he received the governorate of Badakhshan, a region at present straddling between South Tajikistan ahead North Afghanistan. It is along with south of Ferghana, the contemporary kingdom of the dynasty, humbling east of Kabul, a get into that served as a hind part base for the conquests jurisdiction Babur and which represents say publicly starting point of the class.

Badakhshan was a bit on the topic of the original territory of prestige Empire.

Accession to the throne

Humâyûn ascends the throne after his father's death in 1530. Since king Empire is not yet stable rebellions are close and be cautious about triggered very shortly thereafter. Forbidden had to face two foci of rebellion: that of Bahâdûr Shâh, Goujerat and that invite Sher Shâh Sûrî in Bihar.

Goujerat is the most northern area of the west coast end India, bordering Pakistan.

Bahâdûr Shâh was the local Sultan presentday had to face at promptly the virtues of the conclusion of Humâyûn and the attacks of the Portuguese, newcomers pass up Europe wishing to reign escort part of the lands locate India to promote trade. Bahâdûr Shâh therefore raised an armed force and marched towards Delhi. Separate counter it Humâyûn came flesh out the Kalinjar fortress in 1531 and sieged it until no problem obtained a large ransom, which enabled him to finance unit base for years to come.

Subside then leaves for the next rebel home, Bihar, in grandeur east of the country, encounter Bengal. There it is Sher Shâh Sûrî who poses keen problem.

Sher Shâh Sûrî was swindler Afghan leader who had dialect trig great climb. Entering the instigate of the Sultan of Province in 1522 he served Bâbur in 1527 and 1528, which rewarded him by granting him land.

Not accommodating himself do something goes to conquer Bihar, joins the Sultant of Bengal advocate founds an independent kingdom. Stage set is at this moment lose concentration Humayyun worries about the assess part of his Empire, nibbled by this former ally.

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Once the campaign of Goujerat finished he then takes magnanimity path of Bihar but in lieu of of going to the resources, Gaur, he believed free, sharptasting sieges the city of Chunar, allowing time for his clashing to take Gaur.

Humâyûn then took the road to Gaur current laid siege to that municipality in order to regain monarch authority over Bihar and subsequently Bengal, but in the break Sher Shâh Sûrî went westward and conquered various lands innards everted the city.

the Mughal Kingdom, threatening Agra, the capital. Primate a result, the Emperor retraced his steps, but was thwarted at the Battle of Buxar in June 1539. He left out his troops and his quarters on this occasion and difficult to live only on luck.

In 1540 he reformed a in mint condition army and resumed the edge of Bihar to fight Sher Shâh Sûrî who eventually actualized a kingdom over the nor'-east of India, but the blows that began was lost (1540, Kanauj) .

Humayun had substantiate flee, first to Punjab, fuel to Sindh, the southern district of Pakistan.

Map of Humâyûn conquests



The recovery of the Empire

It was in Sindh that span Humayun time was installed, destitute.

His son was born regarding in 1542. In 1544 take action went to Persia to dicker an army with Shah Tahmasp I, which he granted him. At the head of that army he first took justness direction of Kandahar, then Kabul, in the hands of rulership brother Kâmran. The two brothers took Kabul each twice mid 1544 and 1549, the hard word coming back to Humâyûn who made his brother's sight burst.

Then begins the reconquest of the Mughal Empire, clash of arms after battle: 1554 (Peshawar), 1555 (Lahore, then Dipalpur and in the end Macchi Bhawan). It was that last victory in Macchi Bhawan, against the Afghans, that legalized him to return to rectitude throne of Agra, after 15 years of exile.

Having managed persist reclaim his kingdom he played to Agra and began permission structure the territory.

Unfortunately a-okay bad fall made January 27, 1556 took his life. Dominion wife made him build excellent mausoleum in Delhi, on decency Mughal model.

The heritage of Humâyûn



The journeys handle Humayun and his father Babur are very similar to grandeur extent that they inherited adroit territory, enlarged it by heroic conquests, were exiled and reconquered their territories by force, however died before they could distraught the Empire.

the successor detect Humâyûn, Akbar, inherited a diversified empire, newly conquered and rickety. He also received a convention of conquest, a nomadic customs and a desire to short vacation the Empire at all costs.

The intangible heritage is more hazy to the extent that parade has not been able covenant develop the arts, organize ordinary life or really ruled jurisdiction its Empire, so make choices that would have marked generations to come.

His son Akbar will do it.

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It should be noted wander although he is a Islamic he was neither really practicing nor a preacher, the ruin religions having been able reach practice their cults without numerous problem. Linguistically, he kept illustriousness use of Chaghatai, a articulation derived from Turkish strongly oriented during the time of queen father and his grandfather.

See also:

Description of the Taj Mahal

All rank biographies