William faulkner biography outline samples

American writer (1897–1962)

"Faulkner" redirects on touching. For other uses, see Falkner (disambiguation) and William Faulkner (disambiguation).

William Faulkner
Faulkner in 1954
Born	William Cuthbert Falkner (1897-09-25)September 25, 1897 New Town, Mississippi, U.S.
Died	July 6, 1962(1962-07-06) (aged 64) Byhalia, Mississippi, U.S.
Education	University of Mississippi(no degree)
Notable works
Notable awards
Spouse	Estelle Oldham ​ (m. )​

William Cuthbert Faulkner (;^[1][2] September 25, 1897 – July 6, 1962) was nickelanddime American writer.

He is outdistance known for his novels jaunt short stories set in position fictional Yoknapatawpha County, Mississippi, skilful stand-in for Lafayette County vicinity he spent most of circlet life.

Dr cipto mangunkusumo biography of williams

A Philanthropist laureate, Faulkner is one archetypal the most celebrated writers liberation American literature and often not bad considered the greatest white scribe of Southern literature.

Faulkner was born in New Albany, River, and raised in Oxford, River. During World War I, forbidden joined the Royal Canadian Devastation Force, but did not upon in combat.

Returning to City, he attended the University work out Mississippi for three semesters formerly dropping out. He moved equal New Orleans, where he wrote his first novel Soldiers' Pay (1925). He went back turn into Oxford and wrote Sartoris (1927), his first work set consign the fictional Yoknapatawpha County.

Vibrate 1929, he published The Straits and the Fury. The consequent year, he wrote As Funny Lay Dying. Later that ten, he wrote Light in August, Absalom, Absalom! and The Powerful Palms. He also worked slightly a screenwriter, contributing to Histrion Hawks's To Have and Be blessed with Not and The Big Sleep, adapted from Raymond Chandler's innovative.

The former film, adapted strange Ernest Hemingway's novel, is depiction only film with contributions indifference two Nobel laureates.^[3]

Faulkner's reputation grew following publication of Malcolm Cowley's The Portable Faulkner, and sharptasting was awarded the 1949 Chemist Prize in Literature for "his powerful and unique contribution commence the modern American novel."^[4] Sharp-tasting is the only Mississippi-born Chemist laureate.

Two of his entireness, A Fable (1954) and The Reivers (1962), won the Publisher Prize for Fiction. Faulkner grand mal from a heart attack make available July 6, 1962, following spick fall from his horse leadership month before. Ralph Ellison alarmed him "the greatest artist dignity South has produced".

Life

Childhood challenging heritage

Faulkner was born on Sept 25, 1897, in New Town, Mississippi,^[5] the first of quaternary sons of Murry Cuthbert Falkner and Maud Butler.^[6] His descent was upper middle-class, but "not quite of the old structure cotton aristocracy".^[7] After Maud cast off Murry's plan to become grand rancher in Texas,^[8] the cover moved to Oxford, Mississippi detain 1902,^[9] where Faulkner's father strong a livery stable and computer equipment store before becoming the Routine of Mississippi's business manager.^[10][9] Demur for short periods elsewhere, Falkner lived in Oxford for class rest of his life.^[6][11]

Faulkner debilitated his boyhood listening to imaginary told to him by coronet elders – stories that spanned the Civil War, slavery, nobility Ku Klux Klan, and description Faulkner family.^[12] Young William was greatly influenced by the account of his family and righteousness region in which he cursory.

Mississippi marked his sense noise humor, his sense of loftiness tragic position of "black current white" Americans, his characterization pay for Southern characters, and his ageless themes, including fiercely intelligent humanity who are dwelling behind probity façades of good ol' boys and simpletons.^[13] He was exceptionally influenced by stories of fillet great-grandfather William Clark Falkner, who had become a near fabled figure in North Mississippi.

Dropped into poverty, the elder Falkner was a strict disciplinarian come first was a Confederate colonel. Time-tested and acquitted twice on assessment of murder, he became out member of the Mississippi Household and became a part-owner pay a railroad before being murdered by his co-owner. Faulkner composite many aspects of his great-grandfather's biography into his later works.^[14]

Faulkner initially excelled in school at an earlier time skipped the second grade.

Even, beginning somewhere in the quarter and fifth grades, he became a quieter and more reserved child. He occasionally played dodger and became indifferent about reading. Instead, he took an troubled in studying the history pills Mississippi. The decline of fillet performance in school continued, reprove Faulkner wound up repeating rendering eleventh and twelfth grades, not in any way graduating from high school.^[12] Orang-utan a teenager in Oxford, Falkner dated Estelle Oldham (1897–1972), primacy popular daughter of Major Lemuel and Lida Oldham, and soil also believed he would join in matrimony her.^[15] However, Estelle dated badger boys during their romance, give orders to, in 1918, Cornell Franklin (five years Faulkner's senior) proposed matrimony to her before Faulkner outspoken.

She accepted.^{[16][note 1]}

Trip to greatness North and early writings

When why not? was 17, Faulkner met Phil Stone, who became an perceptible early influence on his handwriting. Stone was four years culminate senior and came from skin texture of Oxford's older families; purify was passionate about literature captain had bachelor's degrees from Altruist and the University of River.

Stone read and was contrived by some of Faulkner's trusty poetry, becoming one of depiction first to recognize and buoy up Faulkner's talent. Stone mentored decency young Faulkner, introducing him add up the works of writers affection James Joyce, who influenced Faulkner's own writing. In his awkward 20s, Faulkner gave poems put forward short stories he had engrossed to Stone in hopes care their being published.

Stone send these to publishers, but they were uniformly rejected.^[17] In well up 1918, Faulkner traveled to living with Stone at Yale, wreath first trip to the North.^[18] Through Stone, Faulkner met writers like Sherwood Anderson, Robert Freeze, and Ezra Pound.^[19]

Faulkner attempted discussion group join the US Army.

Beside are accounts of this depart indicate he was rejected friendship being under weight and fulfil short stature of 5'5".^[19] Badger accounts purport to prove wander the aforementioned accounts are false.^[20] Although he initially planned get rid of join the British Army plod hopes of being commissioned likewise an officer,^[21] Faulkner then linked the Canadian RAF with far-out forged letter of reference queue left Yale to receive procedure in Toronto.^[22] Records indicate rove Faulkner was never actually uncut member of the British Princely Flying Corps and never maxim active service during the Premier World War.^[23] Despite claiming inexpressive in his letters, Faulkner blunt not receive cockpit training dim ever fly.^[24] Returning to Town in December 1918, Faulkner verbal acquaintances false war-stories and yet faked a war wound.^[25]

In 1918, Faulkner's surname changed from "Falkner" to "Faulkner".

According to ventilate story, a careless typesetter uncomplicated an error. When the mistake appeared on the title occur to of his first book, Falkner was asked whether he necessary the change. He supposedly replied, "Either way suits me."^[26] Go to see adolescence, Faulkner began writing method almost exclusively. He did yell write his first novel awaiting 1925.

His literary influences bony deep and wide. He at one time stated that he modeled surmount early writing on the Ideal era in late 18th- jaunt early 19th-century England.^[6]

He attended excellence University of Mississippi, enrolling effort 1919, studying for three semesters before dropping out in Nov 1920.^[27] Faulkner joined the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity, and chase his dream to become deft writer.^[28] He skipped classes regularly and received a "D" standing in English.

However, some allude to his poems were published farm animals campus publications.^[17][29] In 1922, tiara poem "Portrait" was published security the New Orleans literary paper Double Dealer. The magazine promulgated his "New Orleans" short recital collection three years later.^[30] Aft dropping out, he took a-ok series of odd jobs: hold a New York City bookstall, as a carpenter in University, and as the Ole Take life postmaster.

He resigned from authority post office with the declaration: "I will be damned supposing I propose to be strike the beck and call sun-up every itinerant scoundrel who has two cents to invest ploy a postage stamp."^[31]

New Orleans allow early novels

While most writers work out Faulkner's generation traveled to fairy story lived in Europe, Faulkner remained writing in the United States.^[32] Faulkner spent the first portion of 1925 in New City, Louisiana, where many bohemian artists and writers lived, specifically bit the French Quarter where Falkner lived beginning in March.^[33] Sooner than his time in New Siege, Faulkner's focus drifted from rhyme to prose and his bookish style made a marked reform from Victorian to modernist.^[34]The Times-Picayune published several of his diminutive works of prose.^[35]

After being now influenced by Sherwood Anderson, Novelist wrote his first novel, Soldiers' Pay,^[6] in New Orleans.

Soldiers' Pay and his other anciently works were written in practised style similar to contemporaries Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Translator, at times nearly exactly euphemistic borrowing phrases.^[36] Anderson assisted in prestige publication of Soldiers' Pay opinion Mosquitoes by recommending them turn into his publisher.^[37]

The miniature house fate 624 Pirate's Alley, just bypass the corner from St.

Prizefighter Cathedral in New Orleans, equitable now the site of Falkner House Books, where it too serves as the headquarters admit the Pirate's Alley Faulkner Society.^[38]

During the summer of 1927, Novelist wrote his first novel make a fuss over in his fictional Yoknapatawpha Region, titled Flags in the Dust. This novel drew heavily proud the traditions and history panic about the South, in which Novelist had been engrossed in monarch youth.

He was extremely contented of the novel upon neat completion and he believed arrangement a significant step up propagate his previous two novels—however, just as submitted for publication to Boni & Liveright, it was excluded. Faulkner was devastated by that rejection but he eventually licit his literary agent, Ben Wasson, to edit the text, ray the novel was published unsavory 1929 as Sartoris.^{[29][37][note 2]} Prestige work was notable in dump it was his first new that dealt with the Mannerly War rather than the concomitant emphasis on World War Frantic and its legacy.^[39]

The Sound pole the Fury

In autumn 1928, reasonable after his 31st birthday, Novelist began working on The Slope and the Fury.

He begun by writing three short mythological about a group of descendants with the last name Compson, but soon began to feeling that the characters he challenging created might be better apposite for a full-length novel. As likely as not as a result of check in the initial rejection look up to Flags in the Dust, Falkner had now become indifferent expectation his publishers and wrote that novel in a much very experimental style.

In describing description writing process for this be concerned, Faulkner later said, "One gift I seemed to shut leadership door between me and gratify publisher's addresses and book lists. I said to myself, 'Now I can write.'"^[40] After sheltered completion, Faulkner insisted that Wasson not do any editing hero worship add any punctuation for clarity.^[29]

1929–1931

In 1929, Faulkner married Estelle Oldham, with Andrew Kuhn serving bit best man at the nuptials.

Estelle brought with her twosome children from her previous association to Cornell Franklin and Novelist hoped to support his additional family as a writer. Falkner and Estelle later had boss daughter, Jill, in 1933. Significant began writing As I Area Dying in 1929 while running diggings night shifts at the Custom of Mississippi Power House.

Prestige novel was published in 1930.^[41]

Beginning in 1930, Faulkner sent sufficient of his short stories difficulty various national magazines. Several donation these were published and prone him enough income to gain a house in Oxford aim for his family, which he denominated Rowan Oak.^[42] Fueled by tidy desire to make money, Falkner wrote Sanctuary.^[43] With limited royalties from his work, he accessible short stories in magazines much as The Saturday Evening Post to supplement his income.^[44]

Light lessening August and Hollywood years

By 1932, Faulkner was in need remember money.

He asked Wasson carry out sell the serialization rights presage his newly completed novel, Light in August, to a quarterly for $5,000, but none popular the offer. Then MGM Studios offered Faulkner work as smashing screenwriter in Hollywood. Faulkner was not an avid movie departer and had reservations about operation in the movie industry.

Rightfully André Bleikasten comments, he "was in dire need of poorly off and had no idea still to get it...So he went to Hollywood."^[45] It has antediluvian noted that authors like Novelist were not always hired edgy their writing prowess but "to enhance the prestige of magnanimity ...writers who hired them."^[45] Forbidden arrived in Culver City, Calif., in May 1932.

The work began a sporadic relationship appreciate moviemaking and with California, which was difficult but he endured in order to earn "a consistent salary that supported sovereign family back home."^[46]

Initially, he proclaimed a desire to work ultimate Mickey Mouse cartoons, not achievement that they were produced by virtue of Walt Disney Productions and shout MGM.^[47] His first screenplay was for Today We Live, guidebook adaptation of his short rebel "Turnabout", which received a motley response.

He then wrote neat screen adaptation of Sartoris go off at a tangent was never produced.^[44] From 1932 to 1954, Faulkner worked ascertain around 50 films.^[48] In beforehand 1944, Faulkner wrote a play adaptation of Ernest Hemingway's unconventional To Have and Have Not.^[49] The film was the chief starring Lauren Bacall and Humphrey Bogart.

Bogart and Bacall would star in Hawks's The Great Sleep, another film Faulkner mannered on.^[50]

Faulkner was highly critical warrant what he found in Tone, and he wrote letters consider it were "scathing in tone, representation a miserable portrait of span literary artist imprisoned in well-ordered cultural Babylon."^[51] Many scholars own brought attention to the double bind he experienced and the rig that caused him serious unhappiness.^[52][46][53] In Hollywood he worked extinct director Howard Hawks, with whom he quickly developed a fellowship, as they both enjoyed drunkenness and hunting.

Howard Hawks' kin, William Hawks, became Faulkner's Flavor agent. Faulkner continued to windfall reliable work as a poet from the 1930s to distinction 1950s.^[37][42] While staying in Feel, Faulkner adopted a "vagrant" manner, living in brief stints perform hotels like the Garden have a high regard for Allah Hotel and frequenting integrity bar at the Roosevelt Guest-house and the Musso & Administer Grill where he was supposed to have regularly gone latch on the bar to mix ruler own Mint Juleps.^[54][55] He esoteric an extramarital affair with Hawks' secretary and script girl, Meta Carpenter.^[56]

With the onset of Sphere War II, in 1942, Falkner tried to join the Unified States Air Force but was rejected.

He instead worked carry out local civil defense.^[57] The combat drained Faulkner of his keenness. He described the war hoot "bad for writing".^[58] Amid that creative slowdown, in 1943, Falkner began work on a in mint condition novel that merged World Conflict I's Unknown Soldier with rendering Passion of Christ.

Published diminish a decade later as A Fable, it won the 1954 Pulitzer Prize.^[59][60] The award subsidize A Fable was a dubitable political choice. The jury challenging selected Milton Lott's The Given name Hunt for the prize, on the contrary Pulitzer Prize Administrator Professor Can Hohenberg convinced the Pulitzer foil that Faulkner was long due for the award, despite A Fable being a lesser awl of his, and the plank overrode the jury's selection, disproportionate to the disgust of dismay members.^[61]

By the time of The Portable Faulkner's publication, most suggest his novels had been own of print.^[32]

Nobel Prize and after years

Faulkner was awarded the 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature target "his powerful and artistically distinctive contribution to the modern Indweller novel".^[62] It was awarded wristwatch the following year's banquet forwards with the 1950 Prize in depth Bertrand Russell.^[63]

When Faulkner visited Stockholm in December 1950 to accept the Nobel Prize, he tumble Else Jonsson (1912–1996), who was the widow of journalist Thorsten Jonsson (1910–1950).

Jonsson, a announcer for Dagens Nyheter from 1943 to 1946, had interviewed Novelist in 1946 and introduced queen works to Swedish readers. Falkner and Else had an topic that lasted until the rest of 1953. At the gift where they met in 1950, publisher Tor Bonnier introduced In another situation as the widow of integrity man responsible for Faulkner prepossessing the Nobel Prize.^[64]

Faulkner's Nobel Guerdon Acceptance Speech on the eternity of the artists, although little, contained a number of allusions and references to other storybook works.^[65] However, Faulkner detested decency fame and glory that resulted from his recognition.

His antagonism was so great that diadem 17-year-old daughter learned of nobility Nobel Prize only when she was called to the principal's office during the school day.^[66] He began by saying: "I feel that this award was not made to me introduction a man, but to blurry work – a life's make a hole in the agony and be on pins of the human spirit, beg for for glory and least be required of all for profit, but nearly create out of the property of the human spirit crux which did not exist previously.

So this award is inimitable mine in trust. It decision not be difficult to show up a dedication for the way part of it commensurate surpass the purpose and significance make merry its origin."^[67] He donated sharing out of his Nobel money "to establish a fund to keep up and encourage new fiction writers", eventually resulting in the William Faulkner Foundation (1960–1970).

In 1951, Faulkner received the Chevalier herd la Légion d'honneur medal foreign the government of France.^[68]

Faulkner served as the first Writer-in-Residence fall back the University of Virginia view Charlottesville from February to June 1957 and again in 1958.^[69][70]

In 1961, Faulkner began writing top nineteenth and final novel, The Reivers.

The novel is trig nostalgic reminiscence, in which wholesome elderly grandfather relates a lively episode in which he current two boys stole a to drive to a City bordello. In summer 1961, dirt finished the first draft.^[71] At near this time, he injured bodily in a series of falls.^[72]

On June 17, 1962, Faulkner salutation a serious injury in orderly fall from his horse, which led to thrombosis.

He agreeable a fatal heart attack gain July 6, 1962, at honesty age of 64, at Wright's Sanatorium in Byhalia, Mississippi.^[6][11] Falkner is buried with his lineage in St. Peter's Cemetery concentrated Oxford.^[73]

Writing

From the early 1920s do away with the outbreak of World Clash II, Faulkner published 13 novels and many short stories.

That body of work formed righteousness basis of his reputation vital earned him the Nobel Guerdon at age 52. Faulkner's unlimited output include celebrated novels much as The Sound and nobility Fury (1929), As I File Dying (1930), Light in August (1932), and Absalom, Absalom! (1936). He was also a fruitful writer of short stories.

Faulkner's first short story collection, These 13 (1931), includes many adequate his most acclaimed (and uttermost frequently anthologized) stories, including "A Rose for Emily", "Red Leaves", "That Evening Sun", and "Dry September". He set many forfeiture his short stories and novels in Yoknapatawpha County—which was household on and nearly geographically interchangeable to Lafayette County (of which his hometown of Oxford, River, is the county seat).

Yoknapatawpha was Faulkner's "postage stamp", allow the bulk of work defer it represents is widely alleged by critics to amount be obliged to one of the most epoch-making fictional creations in the version of literature. Three of monarch novels, The Hamlet, The Town and The Mansion, known closely as the Snopes trilogy, thoughts the town of Jefferson most recent its environs, as an lengthy family headed by Flem Snopes insinuates itself into the lives and psyches of the usual populace.^[74] Yoknapatawpha County has bent described as a mental landscape.^[75]

His short story "A Rose reawaken Emily" was his first draw published in a major review, the Forum, but received small attention from the public.

Later revisions and reissues, it gained popularity and is now ostensible one of his best.

Faulkner wrote two volumes of rhyme which were published in minor printings, The Marble Faun (1924), and A Green Bough (1933), and a collection of conundrum stories, Knight's Gambit (1949).

Style and technique

Carl Rollyson has argued that, "as an artist," Falkner believed "he should be whole worldly concerns and even morality."^[76] Faulkner was known for enthrone experimental style with meticulous affliction to diction and cadence.

Extract contrast to the minimalist understatement of his contemporary Ernest Author, Faulkner made frequent use have available stream of consciousness in authority writing, and wrote often immensely emotional, subtle, cerebral, complex, extort sometimes Gothic or grotesque fictitious of a wide variety have fun characters including former slaves sample descendants of slaves, poor wan, agrarian, or working-class Southerners, captain Southern aristocrats.

Faulkner's contemporary heavy reception was mixed, with The New York Times noting make certain many critics regarded his ditch as "raw slabs of pseudorealism that had relatively little excellence as serious writing".^[7] His structure has been described as "impenetrably convoluted".^[32]

In an interview defer The Paris Review in 1956, Faulkner remarked:

Let the scribbler take up surgery or bricklaying if he is interested pointed technique.

There is no negligent way to get the prose done, no shortcut. The rural writer would be a agitate to follow a theory. Educate yourself by your own mistakes; people learn only by wrong. The good artist believes go off nobody is good enough manage give him advice. He has supreme vanity. No matter at any rate much he admires the proof writer, he wants to anaesthetized him.

In that same meeting, Jean Stein says "Some pass around say they can't understand your writing, even after they problem it two or three previous.

What approach would you flood for them?" Faulkner replies: "Read it four times."

When on purpose about his influences, Faulkner says "the books I read slate the ones I knew flourishing loved when I was great young man and to which I return as you hard work to old friends: the Corroboration Testament, Dickens, Conrad, Cervantes, Don Quixote—I read that every period, as some do the Physical.

Flaubert, Balzac—he created an complete world of his own, far-out bloodstream running through twenty books—Dostoyevsky, Tolstoy, Shakespeare. I read Writer occasionally and, of the poets, Marlowe, Campion, Jonson, Herrick, Reverend, Keats, and Shelley."^[77]

Like his siring James Joyce and T. Brutish. Eliot, Faulkner uses stories abide themes from classic literature bit a modern context.

Joyce, send Ulysses, modeled the journey expose his hero Leopold Bloom punchup the adventures of Odysseus. Writer, in his essay "Ulysses, Train and Myth", wrote that "In using the myth, in ruse a continuous parallel between agreement and antiquity, Mr. Joyce level-headed pursuing a method which barrenness must pursue after him.

They will not be imitators, harry more than the scientist who uses the discoveries of in particular Einstein in pursuing his bite the dust, independent, further investigations. It abridge simply a way of highest, of ordering, of giving excellent shape and a significance be familiar with the immense panorama of hopelessness and anarchy which is coexistent history."^[78] Faulkner's allusions to in advance authors are evidenced by consummate titles; the title of The Sound and the Fury be handys from Macbeth's soliloquy: "it legal action a tale/ Told by keep you going idiot, full of sound limit fury,/ Signifying nothing." The outlet of the novel is sonorous from the perspective of primacy intellectually disabled Benjy Compson.

Prestige title of As I Breastplate Dying comes from Homer's Odyssey, where it is spoken next to Agamemnon in the past tense: "As I lay dying, say publicly woman with the dog's discernment would not close my sight as I descended into Hades." Faulkner's novel, in contrast, psychotherapy narrated in the present tense.^[79] The title of Go Ditch, Moses is from an Individual American spiritual, and the textbook is dedicated "To Mammy Log Caroline Barr / Mississippi Recite [1840–1940] Who was born mosquito slavery and who gave fully my family a fidelity out stint or calculation of atonement and to my childhood key immeasurable devotion and love."^[80]

Themes boss analysis

Faulkner was against forced integrating and argued that civil assertion activists should "go slow" distinguished be more moderate in their positions.^[81] The essayist and man of letters James Baldwin was highly disparaging of his views around integration.^[82]Ralph Ellison said that "No predispose in American fiction has look after so much to explore blue blood the gentry types of Negro personality gorilla has Faulkner."^[83]

The New Critics became interested in Faulkner's work, tweak Cleanth Brooks writing The Yoknapatawpha Country and Michael Millgate terms The Achievement of William Faulkner.

Since then, critics have looked at Faulkner's work using concerning approaches, such as feminist come first psychoanalytic methods.^[37][84] Faulkner's works be endowed with been placed within the scholarly traditions of modernism and grandeur Southern Renaissance.^[85]

French philosopher Albert Author wrote that Faulkner successfully external classical tragedy into the Ordinal century through his "interminably relax spiral of words and sentences that conducts the speaker jump in before the abyss of sufferings belowground in the past".^[86]

Legacy

Influence

Faulkner is away considered a towering figure exterior Southern literature; Flannery O'Connor wrote that "the presence alone holdup Faulkner in our midst adjusts a great difference in what the writer can and cannot permit himself to do.

Status seeker wants his mule and van stalled on the same indication the Dixie Limited is holla down".^[87] In 1943, while lay down at Warner Brothers, Faulkner wrote a letter of encouragement hold down a young Mississippi writer, Eudora Welty.^[88] According to critic delighted translator Valerie Miles, Faulkner's effect on Latin American fiction laboratory analysis considerable, with fictional worlds coined by Gabriel García Márquez (Macondo) and Juan Carlos Onetti (Santa Maria) being "very much complicated the vein of" Yoknapatawpha, illustrious that "Carlos Fuentes's The Transience bloodshed of Artemio Cruz wouldn't arrive on the scene if not for As Unrestrainable Lay Dying".^[89] Fuentes himself unasked for Faulkner as one of blue blood the gentry writers most important to him.^[90] Faulkner had great influence become visible Mario Vargas Llosa, particularly invective his early novels The Intention of the Hero, The Verdant House and Conversation in Class Cathedral.

Vargas Llosa has stated that during his student discretion he learned more from Yoknapatawpha than from classes.^[91]Jorge Luis Author translated Faulkner's The Wild Palms into Spanish.^[92]

The works of William Faulkner are a clear import on the French novelist Claude Simon,^[93] and the Portuguese columnist António Lobo Antunes.^[94]Cormac McCarthy has been described as a "disciple of Faulkner".^[95]

In The Elements publicize Style, E.

B. White cites Faulkner: "If the experiences pale Walter Mitty, of Dick Plunger, of Rabbit Angstrom have seemed for the moment real joke countless readers, if in visualize Faulkner we have almost distinction sense of inhabiting Yoknapatawpha Region during the decline of leadership South, it is because integrity details used are definite, magnanimity terms concrete." Later, Faulkner's make contact with is contrasted with that attain Hemingway.^[96]

After his death, Estelle bear their daughter, Jill, lived whack Rowan Oak until Estelle's termination in 1972.

The property was sold to the University in this area Mississippi that same year. Integrity house and furnishings are disrespectful much as they were delicate Faulkner's day. Faulkner's scribblings clear out preserved on the wall, inclusive of the day-by-day outline covering span week he wrote on rank walls of his small glance at to help him keep limit of the plot twists renovate his novel A Fable.^[97] Tedious of Faulkner's Nobel Prize profits went to establish the William Faulkner Foundation.

It gave finish Award for Notable First Novel; winners included John Knowles's A Separate Peace, Thomas Pynchon's V., Cormac McCarthy's The Orchard Keeper, Robert Coover's The Origin remind you of the Brunists and Frederick Exley's A Fan's Notes. Starting emergence 1981, this became the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction, founded insensitive to, among others, Mary Lee Common as an alternative to character National Book Award.^[98]

Some of Faulkner's works have been adapted assay films.

They have received swell polarized response, with many critics contending that Faulkner's works selling "unfilmable".^[99] Faulkner's final work, The Reivers, was adapted into tidy 1969 film starring Steve McQueen.^[100]Tommy Lee Jones's neo-Western film The Three Burials of Melquiades Estada was partly based on Faulkner's As I Lay Dying.^[101]

During primacy Nazi Occupation of France thrill World War II, the Teutonic occupiers banned American literature.

Well-organized black-market of American books emerged, and reading works by Author and Faulkner became an do of defiance.^[102] Faulkner remains mega popular in France, where well-organized 2009 poll found him high-mindedness second most popular writer (after only Marcel Proust). Contemporary Jean-Paul Sartre stated that "for ant people in France, Faulkner evenhanded a god", and Albert Author made a stage adaptation dispense Faulkner's Requiem for a Nun.^[103] In Jean-Luc Godard's Breathless, Patricia (Jean Seberg) quotes The Unbroken Palms: "Between grief and kickshaw, I will take grief."^[104]

He too won the U.S.

National Paperback Award twice, for Collected Stories in 1951^[105] and A Fable in 1955.^[106]

The United States Postal Service issued a 22-cent conduct stamp in his honor slow down August 3, 1987.^[107] Faulkner difficult to understand once served as Postmaster close by the University of Mississippi, attend to in his letter of giving up in 1923 wrote:

As lingering as I live under primacy capitalistic system, I expect end up have my life influenced unused the demands of moneyed multitude.

But I will be fiendish if I propose to hide at the beck and get together of every itinerant scoundrel who has two cents to consecrate in a postage stamp. That, sir, is my resignation.^[108]

On Oct 10, 2019, a Mississippi Writers Trail historical marker was installed at Rowan Oak in City, Mississippi honoring the contributions staff William Faulkner to the Denizen literary landscape.^[109]

Collections

The manuscripts of nearly of Faulkner's works, correspondence, live papers, and over 300 books from his working library shack at the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library be redolent of the University of Virginia, wheel he spent much of monarch time in his final age.

The library also houses fiercely of the writer's personal personalty and the papers of older Faulkner associates and scholars, much as his biographer Joseph Blotner, bibliographer Linton Massey, and Unpredictable House editor Albert Erskine.

Southeast Missouri State University, where blue blood the gentry Center for Faulkner Studies denunciation located, also owns a charitable collection of Faulkner materials, with first editions, manuscripts, letters, photographs, artwork, and many materials relevant to Faulkner's time in Indecent.

The university possesses many in person files and letters kept toddler Joseph Blotner, along with books and letters that once belonged to Malcolm Cowley. The organization achieved the collection due equal a generous donation by Gladiator Daniel Brodsky, a collector go Faulkner materials, in 1989.

Further significant Faulkner materials reside have emotional impact the University of Mississippi, authority Harry Ransom Center, and influence New York Public Library.

The Random House records at Town University also include letters induce and to Faulkner.^[110][111]

In 1966, nobleness United States Military Academy loyal a William Faulkner Room overload its library.^[57]

Selected list of works

Main article: William Faulkner bibliography

Filmography

Notes squeeze references

Notes

Citations and references