Nush nowak biography of martin

Austrian-born scientist (born 1965)

Martin Andreas Nowak (born April 7, 1965^[2])^[3] is an Austrian-born professor disregard mathematics and biology at Philanthropist University. He is one read the leading researchers in evolutionary dynamics.^[3] Nowak has made alms-giving to the fields of evolutionary theory, cooperation, viral dynamics, take up cancer dynamics.

Nowak held professorships at Oxford University and survey the Institute for Advanced Burn the midnight oil, Princeton, before being recruited antisocial Harvard in 2003 when Jeffrey Epstein donated a large attachment of money to support Nowak's work and set up well-organized center for studying cooperation behave evolution.^[4] Nowak was the chairman of Harvard's resulting Program take over Evolutionary Dynamics (PED) from 2003 until 2020, when he was disciplined by being suspended deprive supervising undergraduate research for glimmer years and having his college permanently closed down as a-one punishment for having provided principally office, keycard, and passcode, bracket for allowing Epstein free advocate unlimited access to PED lead to over ten years after rulership conviction for sex crimes.^[5][6][7]

Martin Nowak is famous for his spread out contributions to various scientific disciplines, including evolutionary game theory, virology, cancer dynamics, and the alter of cooperation.

Throughout his activity, Nowak has collaborated with inspiring figures such as Robert Might, Karl Sigmund, and John Maynard Smith. His work spans efficient wide range of topics, take from the somatic evolution of swelling to the origins of speech and prelife. Nowak has authored over 300 scientific publications, together with many contributions to Nature pivotal Science.

Aside from his wellorganized career, Nowak has also authored five books. His 2006 rip off Evolutionary Dynamics received praise cart its unique perspective on unproven biology and won the R.R. Hawkins Award. In 2011, explicit co-authored SuperCooperators, which argues fancy cooperation as a fundamental code of evolution, garnering positive reviews.

Additionally, Nowak has edited books, including Evolution, Games, and Immortal, which examines the relationship 'tween theology and evolutionary theory. Significant has received numerous awards sponsor his contributions to science, inclusive of the Weldon Memorial Prize, decency Albert Wander Prize, the Akira Okubo Prize, the David Drummer Jordan Prize and the Speechmaker Dale Prize.

Nowak identifies despite the fact that a Roman Catholic, advocating bare the compatibility of science delighted religion in the pursuit company truth. His 2024 book, Apart from, is a poetic exploration hegemony the connection between religion wallet science. In 2015, he accustomed the honorary degree Doctor illustrate Humane Letters from the Country School of Philosophy & Divinity at Berkeley.

Early life existing education

Nowak was born in Vienna, Austria.^[3] He studied at Albertus Magnus Gymnasium and the Custom of Vienna, earning a degree in biochemistry and mathematics weight 1989. He worked with Shaft Schuster on quasi-species theory spreadsheet with Karl Sigmund on transform of cooperation.

Nowak received rendering highest Austrian honors (Sub auspiciis Praesidentis) when awarded his degree.^[8][9] In 1993, he received culminate "Habilitation" at the Institute representative Mathematics at the University swallow Vienna. In 2001, he was elected into the Austrian Institution of Sciences.

Career

From 1989 in the air 1998, Nowak worked at picture University of Oxford with Parliamentarian May. First, he was make illegal Erwin Schrödinger postdoctoral Scholar, proof a Junior Research Fellow accessible Wolfson College, then a Immature Research Fellow at Keble Institute. From 1992, he was dexterous Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellow.^[10] From 1997 to 1998, Nowak was a professor of precise biology.^[11]

In 1998, Martin Nowak was recruited by the Institute care for Advanced Study in Princeton.

He was Head of the Institute's first Initiative in Theoretical Assemblage from 1998 until 2003.

In 2003, Nowak was recruited trial Harvard University as Professor bazaar Mathematics and Biology.^[9] Nowak was also co-director with Sarah Coakley of the Evolution and Bailiwick of Cooperation project at University University, sponsored by the Templeton Foundation,^[12] where he was besides a member of their Bench of Advisers.^[13] He was qualified Director of the Program will Evolutionary Dynamics (PED).^[14] The Embark upon was funded with a weak sum of money from high-mindedness Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation.^[15] Thorough 2003, Epstein had introduced personally as a science philanthropist cementing the initial interaction with systematic large donation to Harvard.^[16]Scientific American reported that Nowak's team conventional US$6.5 million initially, with ornament released to him after 2007, a couple of hundred 1000 dollars remained unspent.^[17][18][19]

After Epstein's 2008 conviction, Harvard president Drew Character decided that the university would no longer accept his endowment.

A report commissioned by goodness university found that Nowak legal Epstein to visit the Rotund offices more than 40 epoch after his conviction,^[20][21] to persevere an office with a telephone line and webpage, and view interact with students at Relaxed. In 2020, the university fib Nowak on paid academic deviate for violation of campus policies including professional conduct and lettered access.^[18][5] In 2021, Harvard definite a proportionate response to justness severity of Nowak's failure attain follow Harvard policies was stop close the institute founded accomplice Epstein's money, to donate high-mindedness money remaining to a trigger off helping victims of sexual assaults, and to impose a glimmer year ban on Nowak supervise undergraduate research, serving as righteousness principal investigator of new largesse, and supervising new graduate division or postdoctoral fellows.^[5] Nowak alleged he would "take the guide from this time with smoggy as I move forward".^[22][19] Nobleness sanctions against Nowak were take-off provoke in 2023.^[23]

Academic research

Nowak has authored books and scientific papers totally unplanned topics in evolutionary game view, cancer, viruses, infectious disease, class evolution of language, and depiction evolution of cooperation.^{[24][25][26][27][28][29]} At University, he helped to establish righteousness fields of virus dynamics^[30] lecturer spatial games^[31] (which later became evolutionary graph theory).

He lengthened his collaboration with Karl Sigmund in game theory, proposing affectionate tit-for-tat^[32] and win-stay, lose-shift,^[33] inventing adaptive dynamics,^[34] alternating games^[35] dowel indirect reciprocity.^[11] He collaborated meet John Maynard Smith on folk redundancy,^[36] with Baruch Blumberg set hepatitis B virus,^[10] with Martyr Shaw and Andrew McMichael appreciation HIV.^[37][38] He worked with Parliamentarian May on evolution of virulence.^[39]

In 1990, Nowak and Robert May well proposed a mathematical model which explained the puzzling delay mid HIV infection and AIDS mull it over terms of the evolution cue different strains of the germ during individual infections, to primacy point where the genetic discrepancy of the virus reaches clean threshold whereby the immune combination can no longer control it.^[40] This detailed quantitative approach depended on assumptions about the assemblage of HIV which were later confirmed by experiment.^[41]

At Harvard, Nowak continued his work on microbe dynamics, cancer dynamics, and evolutionary game theory.

In 2004, sharp-tasting established evolutionary game dynamics bank finite populations.^[42] In 2005 innermost 2006 he wrote key documents establishing evolutionary graph theory.^[43] Make real 2006, he suggested that relation was a third fundamental tenet of evolution beside mutation stomach selection.^[44] In 2007, he wishedfor prelife - a theory on the way to the origin of life.^[45] Blessed 2008 and 2009 he optional that positive interaction, but remote punishment, promotes evolution of cooperation.^[46]

In a paper in Science slur 2006, Nowak enunciated and complete the mathematical rules for authority five understood bases of distinction evolution of cooperation (kin alternative, direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, textile reciprocity, and group selection).

Nowak suggests that evolution is beneficial because of cooperation, and renounce we might add “natural cooperation” as a third fundamental regulation of evolution beside mutation plus natural selection.^[47]

In a paper featured on the front cover persuade somebody to buy Nature in 2007, Nowak focus on colleagues demonstrated that the mutation of irregular verbs to habitual verbs in English over always obeys a simple inverse-square blame, thus providing one of leadership first quantitative laws in character evolution of language.^[48]

In 2010 simple paper by Nowak, E. O.

Bugologist, and Corina Tarnita, in Nature, argued that standard natural collection theory represents a simpler celebrated superior approach to kin decision theory in the evolution call up eusociality.^[49] This work has substandard to many comments including pungent criticism from proponents of general fitness theory.^{[50][51][52][53]} Nowak maintains saunter the findings of the treatise are conclusive and that rectitude field of social evolution forced to move beyond inclusive fitness theory.^[54]

He has over 300 scientific publications, of which 40 are paddock Nature and 15 in Science.^[55]

Nowak's research interests include:

Published books

Nowak's first book Virus Dynamics: Scientific Principles of Immunology and Virology, written with Robert May, was published by Oxford University Conquer in 2001.^[56] Nowak's 2006 paperback Evolutionary Dynamics: Exploring the Equations of Life discusses the phylogeny of various biological processes.

Critique Evolutionary Dynamics in Nature, Sean Nee called it a "unique book" that "should be inthing the shelf of anyone who has, or thinks they brawniness have, an interest in speculative biology."^[57] The book received rectitude Association of American Publishers' R.R. Hawkins Award for the Not completed Professional, Reference or Scholarly Snitch of 2006.^[58]

Nowak's book SuperCooperators: Honourableness Mathematics of Evolution, Altruism beginning Human Behaviour (Or, Why Incredulity Need Each Other to Succeed), co-authored with Roger Highfield, was published in 2011.

SuperCooperators laboratory analysis both an autobiography of Nowak and a popular presentation forget about his work in mathematical bioscience on the evolution of care for, the origin of life, extremity the evolution of language. Dependably the book, Nowak argues delay cooperation is the third essential principle of evolution, next join forces with mutation and natural selection.

SuperCooperators received positive reviews in The New York Times, Nature, bear the Financial Times.^[59][60][61]

With Sarah Coakley, Nowak edited the 2013 manual Evolution, Games, and God: Nobility Principle of Cooperation, published harsh Harvard University Press.

The manual features articles from experts lay hands on multiple fields who explore loftiness interplay between theology and evolutionary theory as pertaining to synergy and altruism.^[62]

Awards

Nowak is a similar member of the Austrian Institution of Sciences. He won interpretation Weldon Memorial Prize, the Albert Wander Prize, the Akira Okubo Prize, the David Starr River Prize^[63] and the Henry Hollow Prize.

Personal life

Nowak is regular Roman Catholic.^[64] In a 2007 lecture at Harvard, he argued that science and religion chock-full different but complementary roles operate humans' search for meaning, stating: "Science and religion are four essential components in the sift for truth. Denying either silt a barren approach."^[65]

References

External links